Augustinas Voldemaras
Augustinas Voldemaras (born April 4 July / April 16, 1883 greg. In Dysna, Ignalina Rajongemeinde , Lithuania ; † December 16, 1942 in Moscow ) was a Lithuanian politician and statesman.
life and work
Voldemaras came from a poorly wealthy family. In 1904 he graduated from the Petersburg Gymnasium in Russia . With the help of his older brother, he studied history and philosophy at the University of St. Petersburg in 1909 . In 1910 he completed his master's degree with a gold medal. While studying, Voldemaras joined the newly awakened Lithuanian national movement. From 1911 he taught as a lecturer . 1914–1915 he continued his education in Italy and Sweden . 1916–1917 m. Permės He was appointed professor of philology at Perm University in 1916 . 1922–1926 he taught at the Lietuvos universitetas as a professor.
In 1918 he became the first Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Lithuania. In this function he made a significant contribution to Lithuanian independence in the wake of the peace of Brest-Litovsk and in the area of tension in the Polish-Soviet conflict after the end of the First World War. Then he was politically active as chairman of the Geležinis Vilkas Association, which operated a fascist-influenced national-Lithuanian policy.
As a result of a military coup on December 17, 1926 against President Kazys Grinius , he was reappointed Prime Minister under the new President Antanas Smetona . Subsequently, he increasingly overruled the existing democratic constitution. An assassination attempt on him was carried out in the then capital Kaunas in 1929 , which he survived. In the same year, his rival Antanas Smetona deposed him and ruled dictatorially. Geležinis Vilkas supported Voldemaras in a coup attempt, which failed and as a result he was imprisoned for four years.
He was pardoned in 1938 and banished into exile, from where he tried to return several times in vain. In another attempt to return after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1940, he was arrested and died in Moscow's Butyrka prison .
literature
- Karl Heinz Gräfe: From the thunder cross to the swastika. The Baltic States between dictatorship and occupation . Edition Organon, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-931034-11-5 , short biography p. 443
Web links
- Vaičikonis, K .: Augustinas Voldemaras. Lituanus, 30 (1984), No.3 , ISSN 0024-5089
- Article Augustinas Voldemaras in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- Newspaper article about Augustinas Voldemaras in the press kit 20th Century of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Voldemaras, Augustinas |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Lithuanian politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 16, 1883 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dysna, Ignalina District Parish , Lithuania |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 16, 1942 |
| Place of death | Moscow |