Böckler War

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In the Böckler War of 1468/69, the Bavarian Duke Albrecht IV waged war against some of the knights of the Bavarian Forest united in the "Böcklerbund" .

prehistory

After the division of Bavaria in 1392 and reinforced by the Hussite Wars , the knights of the Bavarian Forest had achieved a considerable degree of independence. At the state parliament in Munich in 1457 as well as the state parliaments convened specifically after Straubing in 1458 and 1459, they raised accusations against Duke Albrecht III through their spokesman Hans von Degenberg .

The submission of furnishing the duke's daughters was refused, the curtailment of freedoms was criticized, the appointment of one of the duke's sons as regent in Straubing and the employment of exclusively local officials were demanded. The knights also demanded that their rear passengers should determine the land tax themselves and that the duke's war and alliances be dependent on their consent, but this was rejected. The Landtag planned for 1460 did not come about because of the Duke's death.

The Böcklerbund

In August 1466, a society of knights from the Straubing region met at a tournament in Regensburg . 41 noblemen founded the “Society of Einehürn” here on August 30, 1466. The members wore the image of a goat on a chain on their chest, after which they were called "Böckler". The knights wore the badge in gold, the noblemen in silver.

In addition to Hans von Degenberg, Johann Staufer von Ernfels, Niklas von Abensberg , Sebastian Pflug von Rabenstein and Hans von Nussberg were among the most important members . In the federal letter, the meaning of the federal government was specified:

"In the name of Almighty God, in honor of Mary and all the saints, for the sake of their and hers common peace, protection and protection and especially to be able to better resist and help the Christian faith against the heretics and unbelievers who are called the Hussen"

- Piendl

Dissolution of the Confederation

In the meantime the young Albrecht IV had become sole ruler in Munich . His dissatisfied brother Christoph the Strong went to Straubing and was accepted into the union despite objections from some members.

When Albrecht found out about this on September 20, 1467, he turned to Emperor Friedrich III. and to his ducal cousins, whose subjects included some Böckler. On October 28, 1467, a Reichstag in Regensburg issued an imperial decree to dissolve the Böcklerbund. The federal government then dissolved itself. The company letter was formally cut up and the attached seal returned to each member. Christoph then went to Degenberg Castle near Schwarzach . By arbitration on February 16, 1468 in Landshut , Albrecht accepted Christoph as co-ruler and left the city of Kelheim to him .

The campaign

Despite the dissolution of the Böcklerbund by the Reichstag, some of its members gave up unwillingly and turned to the neighboring Bohemian aristocrats for support. Their leader Hans von Degenberg was now involved in a feud with Georg the Donnersteiner, who took the family castle Degenberg away from him. On June 24, 1468, under the command of Georg von Lerchenfeld, a ducal army moved to the castle. Lerchenfeld let Donnersteiner hand over the castle to him and completely destroyed it.

In November 1468, Albrecht, supported by the troops of Ludwig von Landshut , opened his campaign. Progress was rapid. The castle walls proved ineffective against the cannons that the duke had at his disposal. Falkenfels , Linden , Kollnburg , Weißenstein , Saldenburg , Neunussberg and Haidstein were conquered, and lastly Altnussberg Castle went up in flames. Also rinchnach priory and the market Zwiesel were burned down. At the beginning of January 1469, the entire Degenberger area was in the hands of the duke.

The consequences

Due to the defeat of the Böckler, Christoph renounced his co-regency for five years. Hans von Degenberg gave up his resistance, but was never allowed to rebuild his ancestral castle in Degenberg. Due to the defeat, the brothers Warmund and Konrad von Nußberg had to sell Neunussberg to the Duke, Warmund in 1469 for an annual pension, Konrad for the small Linden Castle (1470).

A final pacification of the restless knighthood of the Bavarian Forest was not achieved, in 1489 46 nobles in Cham joined together to form the new " Löwlerbund ", which led to another conflict with the duke.

The castle festival has been staged on the Burganger of Neunussberg Castle since 1968 , the historical background of which is the knight's revolt of 1468.

literature

  • Bernhard Grueber, Adalbert Müller: Der Bavarian Forest (Böhmerwald) , Regensburg 1846, reprint 1993, Grafenau, Morsak Verlag, ISBN 3-87553-415-8 .
  • Max Piendl: The knight leagues of the Böckler and Löwler in the Bavarian Forest . In: Unknown Bavaria. Castles-palaces-residences . Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1960, ISBN 3-7991-5839-1 .
  • Otto Denk, Josef Weiß: Our Bayerland . Allgemeine Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 1906.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Max Piendl: The knight leagues of the Böckler and Löwler in the Bavarian Forest . In: Unknown Bavaria. Castles-palaces-residences . Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1960, ISBN 3-7991-5839-1 .