BDOS
BDOS stands for B asic D isk O perating S ystem and denotes the kernel of the operating system by Digital Research Inc . It is used in all variants of CP / M as well as in the MS-DOS-compatible successor DR DOS .
technology
The structure of the CP / M in several trays is an example. This concept was mostly adopted in subsequent operating systems. The core is the actual hardware that is used directly by the I / O core. This first shell is called BIOS ( English B asic I nput O utput S ystem ) for CP / M or XIOS ( English e X tended I nput O utput S ystem ) for MP / M and DOS Plus and had to be written close to the hardware for every supported computer become. The BDOS kernel is based on the BIOS as the second shell and provides various basic functions (e.g. the file system ) for the actual operating system. The third shell is then the actual operating system or what a user sees of it. In the 1970s and 1980s, it consisted mainly of a command line interpreter , from Digital Research CCP ( English Console Command Processor designated). Gary Kildall is considered to be the inventor of the method of encapsulating hardware-level programming in order to keep the porting effort as low as possible. In CP / M version 1.3 (1975) he referred to the first two shells, the BIOS and the BDOS kernel, as the Floppy Disk Operating System , or FDOS for short .
So could z. B. CP / M , Digital Research's most famous operating system , ran on a wide variety of computers in the 1970s and 1980s. Only the BIOS / XIOS was adapted so that BDOS and CCP could be used on different incompatible systems.
See also: BIOS for CP / M computers
Technically, with each new version of BDOS, parts for the floppy controller control were moved from the BDOS kernel to the BIOS in order to make the support for different floppy drives more portable. This was particularly evident with the very successful version 2 of CP / M, which was adapted by many OEMs for their controllers and mostly sold under a different name together with the hardware.
With the introduction of the IBM PC and its BIOS implemented in the firmware , there is no longer any need for a specially adapted BIOS / XIOS as the first shell. Later CP / M operating systems and their successors are still based on BDOS as the kernel, for example DR DOS.
The last and most modern operating system with BDOS kernel is Novell DOS 7, released in 1993, as well as its direct further developments OpenDOS 7.01 and DR-DOS 7.02 to DR-DOS 8.1 (DR-DOS 8.0 and 8.1 were withdrawn again). The BDOS kernel from MP / M or Multiuser DOS already offered real multitasking in a CP / M kernel. With BDOS 7.2 (Novell DOS 7), real pre-emptive multitasking was possible for the first time under a DOS kernel.
BDOS versions in digital research operating systems
Since all Digital Research operating systems use a BDOS kernel , the BDOS version is the same across operating system and product boundaries. The version of the kernel as well as the system (8080, Z80, 68000, 8088/8086 etc.) and the operating system (CP / M, multiuser, concurrent etc.) can be read out via a BDOS function call.
This incomplete list shows the connection between the BDOS kernel and the individual operating systems:
| BDOS | year | Operating system (s) | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| version | architecture | |||
| 1.0 | 8-bit | 1974 | CP / M | was entirely programmed by Gary Kildall mainly in PL / M for the Intel 8080 processor; 1973 released Intel PL / M, a compiler for the Intel 8008 , which was ported by Gary Kildall in 1974 for the Intel 8080; because Intel was not interested in CP / M, it was in 1975 about the company Digital Systems sold |
| 1.1 | 8-bit | around 1975 | CP / M | distributed by Digital Systems ( Digital Research Inc. was not yet founded) |
| 1.2 | 8-bit | 1976 | CP / M | mainly through IMS Associates Inc. ( IMSAI for short ) for their floppy controllers; Establishment of Intergalactic Digital Research Inc. (later renamed Digital Research Inc. ) |
| 1.3 | 8-bit | 1976 | CP / M, Concurrent CP / M, MP / M | As of CP / M 1.3, the BDOS version or the CP / M version and serial number can be found in the BDOS kernel and in various programs; Copyright notice Gary A. Kildall (not yet Digital Research ) |
| 8-bit | 1977 | IMDOS 2.01 | Licensed version of CP / M 1.3 for the IMSAI floppy controller (BIOS from IMSAI ) sold as IMDOS 2.01 based on a license agreement with IMS Associates Inc. ( IMSAI for short ) | |
| 1.4 | 8-bit | 1977 | CP / M | first of Digital Research sold to individuals version of CP / M, but also many licensed to other companies for their 8080 - and Z80 accompanying -based products operating system versions (for example IMDOS of IMSAI or CDOS of Cromemco ) |
| 2.0 | 8-bit | 1979 | CP / M, Concurrent CP / M, MP / M | only for OEMs available |
| 2.1 | 8-bit | 1979 | CP / M | only used by some OEMs |
| 2.2 | 8-bit | 1979 | CP / M, Concurrent CP / M, MP / M | |
| 1980 | CP / M-80 | with the porting to further (16-bit) processors now referred to as "CP / M-80"; available for individuals in the variants CP / M, Concurrent CP / M and MP / M | ||
| CP / M-Z80 | Variant for the Zilog Z80 ; available in the variants CP / M, Concurrent CP / M and MP / M | |||
| 16-bit | 1982 | CP / M-68k 1.0 | Porting to the Motorola 68000 ; later also available in the variants CP / M, Concurrent CP / M and MP / M | |
| 1982 | CP / M-86 1.0 | first version for the IBM PC (with Intel 8088 processor), also for Intel 8086 processor | ||
| 1983 | CP / M-86 1.1 | Version with support for hard drives | ||
| 2.5 | ? | ? | DOS Plus | |
| 2.8 | ? | ? | Personal CP / M-80 | |
| 3.0 | 8-bit | 1982 | CP / M-80 | in order to be able to use more memory, bank switching was introduced with this version ; it is the last version for 8-bit systems, like the Commodore 128 (1985) |
| 16-bit | ? | MP / M II, MP / M-86 | ||
| 3.1 | ? | 1984 | Concurrent DOS (CDOS) 3.1, CP / M Plus | |
| 3.2 | 16-bit | 1984 | DR Concurrent PC DOS 3.2 | |
| 3.3 | ? | ? | Apricot PCP / M-86 | |
| 4.1 | 16-bit | 1985 | DR Concurrent DOS 4.1 | |
| 1986 | DOS Plus 1.2 | supports CP / M and DOS file systems as well as DOS programs in one emulation; including GEM / 2 | ||
| 5.0 | 16-bit | 1985 | DR Concurrent DOS / XM 5.0 | |
| DR Concurrent DOS / 386 1.1 | ||||
| 6.0 | 16-bit | 1987 | DR Concurrent DOS / XM 6.0 | |
| DR Concurrent DOS / 386 2.0 | ||||
| 1988 | DOS Plus 2.0 / 2.1 | |||
| DR DOS 3.31 to 3.35 | Developed from Concurrent DOS 6.0, but without support for CP / M programs; Compaq MS-DOS 3.31 compatible with support for FAT16B (“BIGDOS”), for programs it reports API compatibility with “IBM PC DOS 3.31”; the system files are called DRBIOS.SYS(BIOS) and DRBDOS.SYS(BDOS)
|
|||
| 6.2 | 16-bit | 1988 | DR Concurrent DOS / XM 6.2 | |
| DR Concurrent DOS / 386 3.0 | ||||
| 6.3 | 16-bit | 1989 | DR DOS 3.40 to 3.41 | also as OEM version EZ-DOS 3.41 |
| 6.5 | 16-bit | 1990 | DR DOS 5.0 | the system files are now called IBMBIO.COM(BIOS) and IBMDOS.COM(BDOS); including ViewMAX 1
|
| 6.6 | 16-bit | 1992 | DR Multiuser DOS 5.10 | Development probably started as early as 1990; also licensed as CCI Multiuser DOS 7.x, IMS Multiuser DOS 5.x |
| 6.7 | 16-bit | 1991 | DR Concurrent DOS 5.1 | |
| DR DOS 6.0 | last version prior to sale to Novell ; including ViewMAX 2 | |||
| 6.8 | ? | ? | IMS REAL / 32 7.50 to 7.94 | 32-bit multitasking operating system from Intelligent Micro Software that can execute many DOS programs and a few CP / M programs; it was developed from Multiuser DOS (Concurrent DOS, Concurrent CP / M-86) |
| 7.0 | 16-bit | 1992 | NetWare PalmDOS 1 | Development as “DR PalmDOS”; With this version, BDOS became a real DOS kernel, while earlier versions still used a CP / M data structure with DOS emulation internally. It now reports API compatibility with PC DOS 5. |
| 7.1 | 16-bit | 1992 | DR DOS 6.0 “business update” | from “business update” (“DRDOS493”) and patch “PATDR6”, “PAT394” |
| 7.2 | 16-bit | 1993 | Novell DOS 7, Caldera OpenDOS 7.01 | with this version the BDOS kernel reports for the first time API compatibility to “DOS 6.0” and supports pre-emptive multitasking; the kernel (incl. BDOS) of Caldera OpenDOS 7.01 was released with source code for private purposes |
| 7.3 | 16-bit | 1997 | Caldera OpenDOS 7.02 to 7.05 | to individuals only Caldera OpenDOS was expelled 7:02 and 7:03, 7:04 and 7:05 Lineo OpenDOS was only available for OEMs and was apparently Ontrack support for FAT32 extended |
BIOS
Under CP / M, the BIOS was added as a basic framework in the form of an assembler file as a suggestion to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and had to be specially adapted for the respective computer system. However, the basic structure made this process much easier, which led to CP / M versions 1.4 and 2.2 also being sold individually.
Under DR DOS from version 5 the file is called IBMBIO.COMup to version 3.41 DRBIOS.SYS. Since it was written for the IBM PC, there is no need for an elaborately adapted BIOS as the first shell. However, hardware-related functions can still be found in this file, which essentially IO.SYScorresponds to MS-DOS and is still referred to as “BIOS”.
The BIOS in this file, lastly IBMBIO.COM, is not to be equated with the firmware BIOS of the IBM PC. Even before the PC-BIOS there was similar firmware with every computer, but this was not standardized, which made it necessary to adapt the operating system for each individual computer system. Only with the IBM PC is this part of the operating system the same for every PC.
BDOS
The kernel corresponds to the second shell; Its aim was to be compilable on every supported system, since its functions could be based on the specially adapted first shell (the BIOS). CP / M of BDOS kernel was as object file enclosed, so original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) the kernel with the customized BIOS after compiling ( Compile ) left could then spread along with the hardware. Even with the version of CP / M sold to individuals, a separate CP / M operating system could be created in this way.
Under DR DOS , the BDOS kernel is in the file IBMDOS.COM(up to version 3.41 DRBDOS.SYS) and is loaded into memory as resident .
Web links
- The CP / M operating system. John Elliott's homepage (English)
- retrotechnology.com - CP / M and Digital Research Inc. (DRI) History (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Computermuseum München: Things worth knowing about CP / M , accessed on December 20, 2013
- ↑ a b c d e f g upcScavenger - Wiki: Dr-dos (English), accessed on December 21, 2013
- ↑ seasip.demon.co.uk
- ↑ retrotechnology.com: CP / M serial numbers (English) from July 20, 2012, accessed on December 22, 2013
- ↑ seasip.info
- ↑ imsltd.com
- ↑ freedos.org ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
-
↑ The license for OpenDOS 7.01 is included with the released source code in the file
LICENSE.TXT. - ↑ DR-DOS Kernel 7.04 / 7.05 from October 6, 2003 (English); Retrieved January 17, 2014
- ↑ delorie.com
