Banause

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The banause is used as a derogatory term with which the affected person is assumed to have a lack of intellect , sensitivity or education ; In particular, “art” - or “culture bastard” is used as a charge against a lack of understanding of art . The purely craft-based practice of an art or science is called “Banausie”.

The term Banause was from the ancient Greek name customary bánausos ( Greek  βάναυσος of baunos , βαῦνος , from, eventually "oven" "of the furnace working end" in a broader sense "(art) craftsmen" "vulgar") derived, with the pejorative naming of those who were not “born free” and had to earn their living through physical labor. In addition to the craftsmen , this also included those artists who practiced the “practical arts” (“ artes mechanicae ”). Access to the “liberal arts” (“ artes liberales ”) was denied to these classes . In ancient society, only those activities were socially accepted that were not shaped by gainful intentions and were based almost exclusively on intellectual abilities.

In addition to handicrafts and practical arts, trade and agricultural work were also viewed as commonplace. The disdainful attitude towards wage labor found its way into Greek philosophy and literature . For Aristotle , such activities were the opposite of education . Therefore, he forbade heavy physical labor as part of education. The unworthiness of wage labor was also seen as a basis for denying the non- aristocratic population access to political activities. So it says in Euripides : "A poor landbebauender man, even if he is not informed, can not access the account of his work to look after all communities depend." The most advanced of the contrast between the working population and the ruling was warrior - class in Sparta , the Spartians , were forbidden from any “mundane” employment .

literature

  • Friedmar Kühnert : Banause . In: Johannes Irmscher , Renate Johne (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Antike . VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig 1979, p. 81.
  • Thomas Morawetz: The demos as a tyrant and banause (= European university publications / series 3 / history and its auxiliary sciences, vol. 860). Lang, Frankfurt a. M. u. a. 2000, ISBN 978-3-631-35591-6 , pp. 12-47.
  • Christian Meier : Greek work concepts in archaic and classical times . In: Manfred Bierwisch (Hrsg.): The role of work in different epochs and cultures (= Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences. Reports and treatises, special volume 9). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 978-3-05-003473-7 , pp. 19-76, esp. Pp. 48-67. 73f.
  • Helga Scholten : The evaluation of physical work in antiquity . In: Ancient Society 33 (2003), pp. 1-22.

Web links

Wiktionary: Banause  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lexicon of Antiquity , page 81.
    Banausie . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 2 . Altenburg 1857, p. 264 ( zeno.org ).
  2. Article “βάναυσος”. In: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott: A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie . Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1940, ISBN 0198642261 (English).
  3. Jacob Burckhardt : Greek Cultural History , Volume 4 (= Collected Works , Vol. 8). Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1957, DNB 450706478 , p. 119.
  4. Euripides: Hiketides . Quoted from: Jacob Burckhardt: Greek Cultural History , Volume 4 (= Collected Works , Vol. 8). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1957, DNB 450706478 , p. 123, note 241.
  5. ^ Jacob Burckhardt: Greek Cultural History , Volume 4 (= Collected Works Vol. 8). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1957, DNB 450706478 , p. 118, note 222.