Schoonerbark
A barquentine is a tall ship , the one as Barkentine (formerly a barquentine Rahtopp with the main mast ), Hermaphroditic Bark (bark hermaphroditic engl. Hermaphrodite barque or barquentine rare or as) Barkschoner designated. It is a mixed rigging of square and schrag sails , i.e. a mixed type of barque and schooner . The (front) foremast must be rigged fully , the other masts carry schooner or gaff sails . This type of rigging was developed around 1800.
A modern representative of this type of ship is the Chilean sailing training ship Esmeralda . It only carries square sails on the foremast, and gaff mainsails, gaff top sails and staysails (triangular sloping sails) on the other three masts . The Spanish sailing training ship Juan Sebastián de Elcano , on the other hand, is a four-masted topsail schooner . (Three-mast) - Bramsegelschoner (with lower mast and Bramstenge) and (three-mast) - topsail schooner (also called topsail schooner , with lower mast, Bramstenge and Marsstenge) are always schooner variants depending on the rigging type and construction of the foremast, provided that a gaff sail is attached to the foremast ( all masts with gaff sails). Without a gaff sails on the foremast , i.e. pure rigging there, it is a schooner bark variant, e.g. B. with a large wire top and pure rigging on the foremast, it would be a (three-mast) -bramsegelschonerbark (Bramstenge) or (three-mast) -Marssegelschonerbark (Mars and Bramstenge). There were schooner barges with three, four (the four-masted barkentines Mozart (1904) and Beethoven (1904)), five (the US ships County of Vicksburgh , Marsala ) and even six masts. The latter included the Cidade do Porto (ex four-masted barque Hans ) and the ER Sterling , originally built as an iron four-masted full-length ship Lord Wolseley in 1883, later (1898) into a four-masted barque, converted to a six-masted barque after de-masting (1903). With them, the six masts were called as with the six-mast schooners:
- Foremast, main mast, mizzen mast , dancing mast, driver mast, mizzen mast
- foremast, mainmast, mizzenmast, jiggermast, driver mast, spankermast (English name)
Jackass barque
Sailors had a special rigging with two frame-rigged and two scraper-rigged masts (the Down Easter Olympic , 1,420 GRT, built in Bath in the US state of Maine in 1892 ) and (three-masted) barquentines with a square mast on the main mast. This type of sailor had virtually rigged the front half of the rig, the rear half of the masts scraped . This type of rig was called Jackassbark ; the sailing training ship Niobe ex Tyholm ex Morton Jensen was a (three-masted) Jackassbark. A five-masted ship of this type would have rigged the fore and main mast, the middle mast with gaff sails and square top, the two aft masts with jib sails. In the New England states were called this sailing ship type and a gaff schooner, a brig hunts ( a fore-and-aft schooner chasing a brig ).
Sometimes the term Polkabark is also used for the Jackassbark . Correctly, however, a Polkabark is a three-masted schooner variant (large gaff sails on all three masts) with a square top (usually three square sails) on the two front masts, i.e. usually a three-masted mainsail schooner or three-masted marbled schooner. A three-masted Mars stop sail schooner or bram top sail schooner only has yards on the front head.
literature
- Alfred Dudszus, Ernest Henriot, Friedrich Krumrey: The great book of ship types , Bd. I. Ships, boats, rafts under oars and sails . Pietsch Verlag, Stuttgart 1992; ISBN 3-613500582
- Štefan Guláš: sailing ships . Slovart Verlag, Bratislava 1987; ISBN 3-768407764
- Tre Tryckare: Seafaring, Nautical Lexicon in Pictures . Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1997; ISBN 3-860471740
