Barretina
A barretina ( Catalan for “ cap ” or “little hat ”) is a pocket-shaped, red or dark purple wool cap with a black border. Until the 19th century, the barretina was the typical headgear of the male rural population in large parts of Catalonia and Ibiza . It is usually worn in such a way that the bag-shaped extension of the hat falls forward, at an angle to the front or to the side.
Origin and meaning
Originally, this shape of the cap was worn by sailors throughout the Christian Mediterranean area. It has come down to us from Provence , Valencia , Corsica , Sardinia , Naples , as well as parts of Portugal and the Balkans .
The shape of the barretina is reminiscent of the Phrygian cap (also known as the Jacobin cap from the French Revolution ). It is therefore assumed that this type of headgear came from the Phrygians from Asia Minor via the Phoenician and later Greek colonies in the Mediterranean region. However, this is not certain.
Nowadays the barretina is considered a symbol of Catalonia , but is mostly only worn at public festivals or folkloric events - such as the Sardana dance . However, it is still widespread among traditional Catalan nativity figures, such as B. the caganer .
Famous barretina wearers in the recent past were the poet Jacint Verdaguer , the artist Salvador Dalí and the composer Pau Casals .
variants
There are numerous variants of the barretina:
- Barretina plana ("simple barretina"): is worn falling forward
- Barretina de garbí ("Southwest Wind Barretina"): is carried falling to the side
- Barretina llarga ("Long Barretina"): is worn falling backwards
- Barretina de niu ("Nest Barretina"): is worn with the tip pressed in
- Barretina d'arròs i fideus or Barretina d'escórrer fesols ("rice and vermicelli barretina" or "bean-drained barretina"): somewhat smaller, more conical and with a tassel at the end, typical of the Empordà region
- Barretina de capellà ("Priest's Barretina"): made of black silk, was worn by priests
- Barretina de dormir ("sleep barretina"): made of white fabric for the night, similar to the old German sleepyhead
- Barretina de dos cairells ("two-sided barretina"): with a black lining so that it can be worn inside out even in the event of a bereavement
- Barretina de mariner ("seafarer's barretina"): not quite as long as the barretina plana
- Barretina musca ("dark purple barretina"): dark purple variant of the barretina, was reserved for the landlord in some parts of the country, while the red was worn by the servants
- Barretina de notari ("Notar-Barretina"): smaller, darker in color and with lines on the front
- Barretina vermella ("Red Barretina"): solid red, corresponds to the Jacobin cap
See also
- Phrygian cap (also known as "Jacobin cap ")
Web links
- Confraria Barretinaire / "Barretina Brotherhood" (in Catalan)
- History of the Barretina (in Catalan)
swell
- Lluís C. Batlle et al .: Diccionari Català-Alemany . 2nd edition. Enciclopèdia Catalana, Barcelona 2005, ISBN 84-412-1399-2 , ( Diccionaris de l'Enciclopèdia Catalana ).