Hairy foam herb

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Hairy foam herb
Hairy foam herb (Cardamine hirsuta)

Hairy foam herb ( Cardamine hirsuta )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Cardamineae
Genre : Foam Herbs ( Cardamine )
Type : Hairy foam herb
Scientific name
Cardamine hirsuta
L.

The Hairy bittercress ( Cardamine hirsuta ), also called Ruderal Cuckooflower , garden smock , Viermänniges Schaumkraut or multi Stem Cuckooflower referred to, a species from the genus of foam herbs ( Cardamine ) in the family of the Cruciferae (Brassicaceae). It is common in Central Europe and mostly common.

description

The usually annual herbaceous plant reaches a height of about 7 to 30 cm. The stem grows upright and often appears multi-stemmed due to numerous, arching branches. It is usually bare, not very knotty at the top and has a basal rosette of leaves and two to four stem leaves until the fruit is ripe. The leaves are pinnate unpaired and have one to four pairs of leaflets with a larger terminal leaflet. In the lower leaves the pinna are more or less petiolate, round kidney-shaped or broadly obovate. The leaf stalks are conspicuously ciliate at the base. The underside of the leaves and the leaf spindle are somewhat hairy.

The flower cluster is not very floriferous . It is umbrella-shaped in the initial stage , later loosely. The young pods tower above the flowers. The sepals are about 1.5 to 2.2 mm long, narrowly elliptical, greenish purple in color and with white skin margins. The petals are white, narrowly wedge-shaped and 3 to 4 mm long. The flowers usually have four stamens. The pods are 12 to 25 mm long, 0.8 to 1.2 mm wide and stand upright on 3 to 13 mm long stems at a very acute angle. Often they are slightly angled and grow more or less parallel to the grape axis.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16 or 32.

ecology

The hairy foam herb is a therophyte . It is rooted up to 35 centimeters deep. The formerly rare species spread explosively in mild winter locations in Germany between around 1975 and 1985. It was probably brought in via tree nurseries and garden centers.

It mainly blooms from March to June, occasionally in autumn. The fruit ripens within a few weeks. This means that several generations per year are possible. The plant is a sap pressure spreader ; their seeds are spread up to 1.4 m. This is why the species is popularly called "balsam"; but this name should be reserved for the genus Impatiens or at least for the sister species Spring-Foamwort ( Cardamine impatiens L.).

Occurrence

General distribution

Hairy foam herb

Cardamine hirsuta is common all over Europe. Further to the east, it is found in the Himalayas . It also occurs in the mountains of East Africa. It is spread almost all over the world by carry-over. It is a subatlantic-sub-Mediterranean floral element.

Distribution in Central Europe

The hairy foam herb occurs in Germany scattered to fairly widespread. It is only rarely found in East Germany. It has recently become relatively common in Saxony-Anhalt . In Bavaria's Allgäu Alps, the middle station of the Fellhornbahn lifts up to 1780 m above sea level. The species is common in Austria and Switzerland.

Location claims and socialization

The hairy foam herb grows in hack weed societies as well as in gardens, vineyards, in parks, on open ruderal areas and gaps in the road. It prefers fresh, nutrient-rich, nitrogen-containing, lime-free, somewhat acidic and sandy soils. It thrives in Central Europe in societies of the order Polygono-Chenopodietalia and the Alliarion Association.

use

The hairy foam herb can be used as a salad or as a salad spice with a slightly hot-bitter taste.

literature

  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 638 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Otto Sebald: Brassicaceae. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3312-1 , pp. 242-243 .
  3. ^ A b Robert Desmond Meikle: Flora of Cyprus. Volume One (Pinaceae to Theligonaceae) . Bentham-Moxon Trust & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London 1977, ISBN 0-9504876-3-5 , pp. 147 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 , pp. 460 .
  5. ^ SI Warwick, IA Al-Shehbaz: Brassicaceae: Chromosome number index and database on CD-Rom. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Volume 259, No. 2/4, 2006, pp. 237-248, DOI: 10.1007 / s00606-006-0421-1 .
  6. ↑ a b c d Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 186 .
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr , Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching near Munich 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 590.

Web links

Commons : Hairy foam herb ( Cardamine hirsuta )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files