Miner
A mountain servant , also called only servant, a miner , who in the early mining was employed as a laborer to work, was necessary for any special training. As a badge, miners wore a Tschärp bag without a Tschärper . Only trained miners were allowed to be employed as miners by the trades and climbers . There were also mining regions in which the number of miners to be employed per mine was limited. The mine operators in the canton of Uri were allowed to employ a maximum of 25 foreign miners on their mines.
Career and classification
Before a worker could be employed as a miner in a mine, he had to be checked for his suitability by the mining authority. The miners were divided into ordinary and permanent miners, especially in the Freiberg mining district there were clear guidelines here. The miners who had gone through their first mining years as miners were called common miners . At the age of 18–20, the mine boys moved up to become miners. The miners who only entered the miner's profession at the age of 20 without any previous miner training were called permanent miners. The miners were trained according to their later occupation and then named according to their activity.
Ordinary miners
Ordinary miners were divided into three categories, depending on their suitability, miners , drills, mallets and gunners. Conveying servants were conveying works, for example, as a reel servants in the well production , or in the range promotion divided. Water servants were responsible for the dewatering of the mine. The miners were used as drills and mallets, who would later be used as tusks , depending on their suitability . The miners who were suitable for the work as tuskers and who had shown in this work that they had enough manual dexterity to create the drill holes for the shooting and were also skilled enough in the relocation work moved up to the shooting range . As trained gunmen, they were then allowed to independently occupy and blow up boreholes.
Permanent miners
Remaining miners were initially unable to advance professionally, e.g. B. to reach the Hauer. Exceptions were the miners who had learned a trade that could be used in mining. In the course of the ever increasing need for miners, permanent miners could also move up to the apprenticeship class after six years of mining activity. A permit from the Mining Authority was required for this professional advancement . In some mines, this career advancement was possible after just three years due to a lack of workers. Older permanent miners were employed as art guards or boiler heaters, depending on their suitability. However, the possibility of being promoted to a higher-quality job was at the discretion of the mine operator.
Working hours and wages
Berg servants worked in hired house , they proceeded rewarding a day for 14 days 18 layers. The number of shifts could increase for certain urgent jobs. The shift wages, depending on the mining area, were between 4.7 and 5.4 Mariengroschen. The additional pecuniary gain could amount to ¼ to ⅓ of the wage. As a side income, the miners at some mines were able to work another 4–6 so-called long shifts at certain times. A wage increase was possible after six years at the latest, but this option was canceled in the 19th century. A wage increase was now at the discretion of the mine operator.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence . Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
- ^ Moritz Ferdinand Gätzschmann: Collection of mining expressions . Craz & Gerlach Publishing House, Freiberg 1859.
- ^ A b c d e f Carl Langheld: The conditions of the miners in the Saxon shelf mining. Published by JG Engelhardt, Freiberg 1855, pp. 32–33.
- ↑ a b J. J. Scotti (ed.): Collection of laws and ordinances which have been passed in the now Prussian territories, on objects of state sovereignty, constitution, administration and administration of justice. Second part, printed by Joseph Wolf, Düsseldorf 1836, p. 877.
- ^ Jean Odermatt: Searching for traces in murmuring myths, marching stops on the Gotthard . In: ETH library (ed.): Heimatschutz Patrimoine, magazine. Volume 96, Issue 3, Zurich 2001.
- ↑ a b c d Landtag Acts from the years 1842 - 1843. Supplements to the minutes of the first chamber, first collection, printed in the royal book printing house by EE Meinhold and Sons, Dresden 1843, pp. 237–260.
- ↑ a b Otto Hue: The miners. Historical representation of miners' conditions from the oldest to the most recent, first volume, published by JHW Dietz Nachhaben, Stuttgart 1910, pp. 232–233.