Ringed scarfling
| Ringed scarfling | ||||||||||||
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Gymnopilus junonius |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gymnopilus junonius | ||||||||||||
| ( Fr. ) PD Orton |
The ringed or splendid scarfling ( Gymnopilus junonius ) is a type of mushroom from the order of the mushroom-like (Agaricales). Its German names indicate the pronounced ring on the stem and the size of the fully grown fruiting bodies .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is hemispherical to convex in shape, yellow-orange to yellow-brown in color, unriped at the edge and rolled up for a long time. It is five to fifteen centimeters in diameter. The surface is fibrous and ingrown when young and later tears up into small flakes of fiber. The lamellae are initially yellowish, often with rusty spots, and turn rusty brown as they ripen. The lamellas are crowded and rounded off. The stem is five to twenty centimeters long, one to three centimeters thick, pale yellow and fuchsia. It is club-like and has a membranous ring, which can also be missing if the partial velum tears off the stem when the hat is raised and gets stuck on the edge of the hat. The flesh is yellowish, the odor when injured is radish-like. The taste is very bitter. The spore powder color is rust-brown.
Microscopic features
The spores are elliptical to almond-shaped, clearly warty and have no germ pore . They are 7.5-10.5 × 4.5-6 micrometers in size. In connection with iodine they show a dextrinoid reaction. The cheilocystidia are slender, bottle-shaped and sometimes thickened upside down.
Species delimitation
Due to the size of the fully grown fruiting bodies and the membranous ring, the ringed scarfling does not resemble any other member of the genus, but rather a schüppling . Schüpplinge also have brown spore powder, but the spores are smooth under the microscope and have a germ pore. Similar hallimas have white to cream-colored spore powder.
ecology
The ringed scarfling is a saprobiont and grows, mostly in large tufts, almost exclusively on hardwood stumps, very rarely on coniferous wood. It can also grow on buried wood and then appear to grow on the ground. The fungus appears in Central Europe from early summer to autumn, is widespread all over the world and is scattered and common in certain areas.
Systematics
The ringed scarfling was first described in 1821 by Elias Magnus Fries under the name ( Basionym ) Agaricus junonius . The new combination to Gymnopilus junonius was published in 1960 by the English mycologist Peter Darbishire Orton. Another synonym under which the fungus can be found in identification books is Gymnopilus spectabilis ( Weinm .: Fr.) AH Sm.
meaning
Hallucinogens ( psilocybin and psilocin ) were found in the fruiting bodies of the ringed flamingo , hence the name Big Laughing Gym . The German Society for Mycology lists it as a toadstool. However, other investigations suggest that the findings are based on a wrong determination of the fruiting body and confusion with the proven hallucinogenic purple-scaly scarfling .
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-14737-9 , p. 271 (one-volume new edition of the BLV intensive guide mushrooms 1 and 2).
- Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-43-3 , p. 153 .
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin: Leaf mushrooms 3rd part . In: Mushrooms of Switzerland . tape 5 . Mykologia, Luzern 2000, ISBN 3-85604-050-1 , p. 136 .
- Lincoff, Gary: National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms . Alfred A. Knopf, New York 1981, ISBN 0-394-51992-2 , pp. 623 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Elias Magnus Fries: Systema Mycologicum . tape 1 , 1821, p. 244 (Latin, digitized version ).
- ↑ Orton, PD: New check list of British Agarics and Boleti, part III (keys to Crepidotus, Deconica, Flocculina, Hygrophorus, Naucoria, Pluteus and Volvaria) . In: Transactions of the British Mycological Society . tape 43 , no. 2 , 1960, p. 159-439 .
- ↑ AH Smith: Mushrooms in Their Natural Habitats . Sawyers Inc., Portland, S. 1-626 .
- ↑ Swiss Journal for Pilzkunde 1985, p. 199, quoted from Ludwig, Pilzkompendium
- ↑ Lincoff, p. 624
- ↑ List of toadstool species according to syndromes. (PDF; 141 kB) In: German Society for Mycology e. V. Expert Committee on Mushroom Utilization and Toxicology, April 21, 2014, accessed on December 28, 2019 .
- ↑ T. Stijve: Worldwide occurrence of psychoactive mushrooms - an update . In: Czech Mycology . tape 48 , no. 1 , 1995, p. 11–19 (English, online [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).