Flammies

Flammies
Spotted-leaved scarfling ( Gymnopilus penetrans )
Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina Class : Agaricomycetes Subclass : Agaricomycetidae Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales) Family : Veil relatives (Cortinariaceae) Genre : Flammies
Scientific name
Gymnopilus
P. Karst.

The scarfs ( Gymnopilus ) are a genus of fungi from the family of the veil relatives . The small to large fruit bodies have a carrot or knightly habitus , predominantly yellow to brown colors and grow individually, in groups or in tufts on wood or on the ground.

The type species is Gymnopilus liquiritiae .

features

Macroscopic features

The color spectrum of the fruiting bodies ranges from yellow, ocher to rust-colored, orange-brown, rust-brown, red-brown to dark brown, one species has an olive tone, non-Nordic species also have purple to violet colors. The hemispherical, pointed, bell-shaped, domed to flatly spread hat has a flattened to small tip or a broad hump. The predominantly dry hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is smooth to fine-grained, ingrown-fibrous to fiber scaly structured. It rarely shows a slight sheen, but is neither translucent nor does it change its color when it dries (not hygrophan ). The lamellas, which are edged and run down with a tooth, are usually segment- or bottle-shaped, are yellow, rusty-yellow to orange-yellow, later rust-brown, rarely dark-brown. The spore powder leaves a rust-brown imprint. The stem , which is cylindrical or widens towards the base, has a smooth, fibrous or fibrous-hairy surface. The partial envelope ( Velum partiale ), if present, is shaped as a volatile ring zone or spin-like veil ( Cortina ), in one case as a membranous ring ( annulus ). The meat ( trama ) smells unspecifically and mostly tastes bitter.

Microscopic features

The elliptical, egg-shaped-elliptical, almond-shaped-elliptical, almond-shaped or almost circular spores are ornamented with fine warts, warty to warty wrinkles. The spores of some species have a suprahilal dent and / or a suprahilal plague, but no germ pore . They are rusty yellow to rusty brown and turn a weak or strong red color when potassium hydroxide is added ( dextrinoid color reaction ). (2–) 4 spores mature on the spore stands ( basidia ). The sterile elements on the lamellae ( cheilocystidia ) are almost cylindrical, bottle-shaped, wide, bottle-shaped, spindle-shaped, bone-shaped and mostly have an almost cephalic to cephalic tip. Sterile elements on the lamellar surface (pleurocystidia), on the other hand, are rare or absent. There are also no cystids with granular-yellowish contents that turn yellow when ammonia or potassium hydroxide is added (chrysocystids). The fungal threads ( hyphae ) have an encrusting pigment and buckles on the transverse walls ( septa ).

ecology

Flammables live saprobion table on dead wood, on the ground, on raw humus, peat, charred wood and burns. One species colonizes grasses. They rarely grow between peat moss or are found parasitic on the roots or on the base of trees.

species

Worldwide the scarfs comprise about 200 species, in Europe 20 species occur or are to be expected there.

Scarflings ( Gymnopilus ) in Europe

German name Scientific name Author quote Gymnopilus arenophilus A. Ortega & Esteve-Raventós 2005 Pretty or small-pored scarfling Gymnopilus bellulus (Peck 1873) Murrill 1917 Chanterelle or Cantharella flamingo Gymnopilus cantharelloides Camboni & Migliozzi 2004 Gymnopilus corsicus Romagnesi 1977 Burning point scarfing Gymnopilus decipiens (Saccardo 1887) PD Orton 1960 Purple Flamingo Gymnopilus dilepis (Berkeley & Broome 1871) Singer 1951 ('1949') Grass or pale yellow scarfling Gymnopilus flavus (Bresadola 1905) Singer 1951 ('1949') Bog or moss flamingo Gymnopilus fulgens (J. Favre & Maire 1937) Singer 1951 ('1949') Fibrous ringed scarfling Gymnopilus hybridus Frieze Gymnopilus igniculus Deneyer et al. 2002 Globular scarfling Gymnopilus josserandii Antonín in Antonín & Škubla 2000 Ringed or magnificent scarfling Gymnopilus junonius (Fries 1821: Fries 1821) PD Orton 1960 Gymnopilus microsporus (Singer 1937) Singer 1951 ('1949') Flour scarf Gymnopilus odini (Fries 1863) Kühner & Romagnesi 1953 Spotted-leaved or common scarfling Gymnopilus penetrans (Frieze 1815) Murrill 1912 Dark-stemmed or red-brown scarfling Gymnopilus picreus (Persoon 1798: Fries 1821) P. Karsten 1879 Crimson scaly flamingo Gymnopilus purpuratus (Cooke & Massee 1890) Singer 1955 Velvet scaly fir-flamingo Gymnopilus sapineus (Fries 1821: Fries 1821) Murrill 1912 Gymnopilus sapineus var.  Microsporus E. Ludwig 2001 Shaggy scarfling Gymnopilus spadiceus Romagnesi 1977 White veiled scarfling Gymnopilus stabilis (Weinmann 1836) Kühner & Romagnesi in Bon 1985 Cork oak flamingo Gymnopilus suberis (May 1928) Singer 1951 ('1949')

• 

  Kugelsporiger Flämmling
  Gymnopilus josserandii

• 

  Dark- stemmed or red-brown
  scarfling Gymnopilus picreus

• 

  Ringed or magnificent
  scarfling Gymnopilus junonius

• 

  Velvet-scaly fir
  scarfing Gymnopilus sapineus

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b c} Henning Knudsen, Jan Vesterholt: Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera . Nordsvamp, Copenhagen 2008, ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0 , pp. 857 (English, revision of Nordic Macromycetes Volume 2; incl. CD “MycoKey 3.1”).
2. ↑ Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-43-3 , p. 149-150 .
3. ^ Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th edition. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 , pp. 298 .
4. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Gymnopilus. Retrieved January 15, 2014 (Mushroom Taxa Database).  

Web links

Commons : Gymnopilus  - album with pictures, videos and audio files