Bernardine Baccinelli

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Bernardine Baccinelli , religious name Bernardine of St. Teresa OCD , secular name Joseph Baccinelli (born March 15, 1807 in Rome , Italy , † September 5, 1868 in Kochi , Varappuzha district (Verapoly), Kerala , India ) was an Italian clergyman, Catholic Titular Archbishop and Vicar Apostolic in India.

Live and act

Carmelite and titular bishop in Quilon

Joseph Baccinelli came from Rome and entered the order of the Discalced Carmelites there. Here he made his profession on December 8, 1824 and received the name Bernhard from St. Teresa . In 1833 Baccinelli went to the India Mission and in 1845 became the first Apostolic Pro-Vicar of Quilon , in what is now Kerala .

Quilon is the oldest Latin diocese in India, canonically established in 1329, but then abolished and in 1557 converted to the diocese of Cochin , later to the Apostolic Vicariate of Malabar . On May 12, 1845, Quilon was separated as the Apostolic Pro-Vicariate, raised to an independent Apostolic Vicariate on March 15, 1853 and re-established as a diocese on September 1, 1886.

On May 23, 1847 Baccinelli received the episcopal ordination and the appointment as titular bishop of Heraclea .

In 1853 Quilon became an independent Apostolic Vicariate and Bernhardine Baccinelli rose from Pro-Vicar to Apostolic Vicar. Bishop Baccinelli is described as a "seasoned, tireless, and enthusiastic" missionary and has served as a very successful first pastor.

Archbishop and Vicar Apostolic in Verapoly

In 1854 he was promoted to Vicar Apostolic of the superior Verapoly and on June 20, 1859 to Titular Archbishop of Farsaglia . His friar Charles Hyacinth Valerga (1818–1864) succeeded him in 1854 as Vicar Apostolic of Quilon.

As shepherd of Verapoly, Baccinelli was subordinate to the entire south-west of India, including jurisdiction over the Catholic Thomas Christians of the Chaldean rite , who were grouped together to form their own parishes and were looked after by a special representative with the rank of vicar general . Today this is the Syro-Malabar Church , with its own hierarchy.

The Syro-Malabar bishop Alexander Chulaparambil of Kottayam, around 1925, with new priests of his diocese, in Roman chasubles, which were introduced there by Archbishop Bernardine Baccinelli.

Spurred on by his zeal in organizing ecclesiastical life and by an exaggerated desire for standardization in the liturgical area, Bishop Baccinelli began to adapt the Thomas Christians under his jurisdiction to the Latin rite. For example, he introduced Roman chasubles and other unknown customs such as the western color canon of the vestments. His measures led to dissatisfaction among the Catholic Thomas Christians. This situation worsened in 1861 with the appearance of a bishop named Thomas Rocos, whom the Chaldean Patriarch of Babylon , Joseph Audo, united with Rome , had sent to India to visit the Thomas Christians. However, this happened without consultation with Rome and Rocos also appeared in India with the claim that the Patriarch on behalf of Pope Pius IX. to be sent to rule the Catholic Thomas Christians. A schism began, most of the Thomas Christians renounced the rule of Bishop Baccinelli and submitted to the Chaldean Bishop Rocos. Of 154 parishes, 86 changed over completely to his side, 30 partially. Only 38 parishes remained true to the Latin hierarchy.

The Carmelite Kuriakose Elias Chavara, who was called to holiness and beatified in 1986, enjoyed great authority among the Thomas Christians . Although he also disapproved of the Latinization of his rite, he submitted to the authority of Rome and supported the Vicar Apostolic Bernardine Baccinelli, who then appointed him to be his Vicar General for the Syro-Malabar communities with special powers. It is thanks to him that the schism did not spread any further. He traveled to every single parish on the papal and episcopal mandate and brought them back under the jurisdiction of the Vicariate Verapoly. Then he negotiated with Bishop Rocos to leave the country and Baccinelli was persuaded to pay the Chaldean - whom he had meanwhile excommunicated - to pay for the trip home. Thereupon he returned to Mosul in 1862 , especially since Patriarch Joseph Audo had ordered him back by order of the Pope. Both Audo and Rocos reached an agreement with the Vatican and the threatening schism was amicably settled. In 1872 Pope Pius IX issued the encyclical Quae in patriarchatu on the entire problem , in which the case is dealt with in detail under Chapters 4 and 5, with the names of the main participants, Patriarch Joseph Audo, Archbishop Bernardine Baccinelli and Bishop Thomas Rocos. Many of the adjustments introduced by Archbishop Baccinelli were not made until 1957 under Pope Pius XII. undone.

Apart from this unfortunate period of his ministry, the Vicariate Apostolic Verapoly flourished under the direction of Baccinelli. In 1866 he founded together with the local nun Mother Eliswa (1831-1913) the first order of Indian Carmelites, the "Congregation of Teresian Carmelites" (CTC), which still exists today. The bishop himself wrote the rules of the order and established the first convent. Bernardine Baccinelli also promoted all other religious orders and initiated popular missions in the parishes. The pastor closed several smaller seminaries and founded four new central seminaries (1 Latin and 3 Syro-Malabar)

Archbishop Baccinelli died in Kochin , Kerala in 1868 after a month of sick leave.

literature

  • EP Antony: The Latin Catholics of Kerala. Pellissery Publications, Kottayam, 1993, pp. 330-336 et al. 359
  • Annals of the Spread of the Faith. Monthly of the Association of the Propagation of Faith, Volume 20, Ludwig-Missions-Verein , Munich 1852 ( Bishop Baccinelli's own report on his mission in Quilon, India , complete scan of the German-language report in the Google book search).
  • Alphonse Padinjarekanjirathinkal: The canonical reforms in the Malabar Church introduced by Mgr. Bernardine Baccinelli, the vicar apostolic of Verapoly. 1971 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Annales de la propagation de la foi Volume 41. MP Rusand, Lyon 1869, p. 77 ( limited preview in the Google book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alberto de la Virgen del Carmen: Historia de la reforma teresiana (1562-1962). Editorial de Espiritualidad, 1968, p. 490 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  2. ↑ Kenneth Ballhatchet, David D. Taylor: Changing South Asia. Asian Research Service, 1984, p. 106 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  3. ^ Alberto de la Virgen del Carmen: Historia de la reforma teresiana (1562-1962). Editorial de Espiritualidad, 1968, p. 490 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  4. ^ Journal of Dharma. Volume 10, p. 105 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ^ The catholic directory for the year 1861. London, p. 46 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  6. ↑ English text of the encyclical "Quae in Patriarchatu"
  7. ^ Report on the initiated beatification process for Mother Eliswa
  8. ↑ Website of the order of sisters with repeated mentioning of Bishop Baccinelli as founder ( memento of the original of January 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ctccongregation.org
  9. ^ Victor Sanmiguel: Three century Kerala Carmelite Mission, 1656-1975. Theresian Press, 1986, p. 37 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  10. ^ Yorke Allen: A seminary survey. Harper, 1960 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  11. ↑ Orientalia christiana periodica, Volume 70, Edition 2. Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum, 2004, p. 321 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  12. ↑ Joseph Kanjiramattathil: The pastoral vision of Kuriakos Elias Chavara, the co-founder of CMI & CMC congregation. Dharmaram Publications, 1986, p. 58 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  13. ↑ Evangelical Church Chronicle. 2nd year. J. Naumann, Leipzig 1869, p. 162 ( full text in the Google book search).
personal data
SURNAME Baccinelli, Bernardine
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bernardine of St. Teresa Baccinelli (full name); Baccinelli, Joseph (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian Archbishop of India, Carmelite
DATE OF BIRTH March 15, 1807
PLACE OF BIRTH Rome , Italy
DATE OF DEATH September 5, 1868
Place of death Kochi , Varappuzha (Verapoly) District, Kerala , India