Bernese rose apple
| Bernese rose apple | |
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| Synonyms | 'New Bern rose apple' |
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| Art | Cultivated apple ( Malus domestica ) |
| origin | Oppligen (Switzerland, Canton of Bern) |
| known since | 1870 |
| breeder | F. Baumann, A. Daepp |
| ancestry | |
| List of apple varieties | |
The Berner Rosenapfel or New Berner Rosenapfel is a variety of the cultivated apple ( Malus domestica ). Around 1870, F. Baumann and Adolf Daepp found a chance seedling on the Baumann family's property . The Daepp tree nursery , then based in Oppligen in the Swiss canton of Bern , ensured the preservation and distribution of this variety through grafting. The first mother tree bore its first fruits in 1888. Adolf Daepp immediately recognized that it was a new apple variety. He refined this newly discovered winter apple and brought it to the market as the “New Berner Rose Apple” in Switzerland and Germany.
At the Swiss Agricultural Exhibition in Bern in autumn 1896, the apple received 2nd prize as a novelty, and at the General German Fruit Exhibition in October 1896 in Kassel, a silver medal as an excellent, commercially available novelty.
Five generations and more than 120 years later, the Bernese rose apple is one of the most popular garden apple varieties in the canton of Bern and in Switzerland.
tree
The tree grows vigorously in youth. However, growth slows down when the tree reaches the harvest phase. The crown is erect and arched. The branching is sparse, without a cut , aging will soon set in. The wooden shoots are dark brown-red on the sun side, greenish on the shadow side, few dotted and lightly fluffy. The leaf buds are small, triangular, with white flowers. The fruit buds are large, elongated egg-shaped, scaly red and the tip is white with flowers. The leaves are relatively small, narrow-oval, sharply pointed, with a double-sawn edge. The petiole is short, hardly as long as the leaf is broad, tinged red. The dark green, slightly shiny leaves are erect. The flowering time is medium early and lasts for a longer period of time. The flower that appears at the beginning of May is medium-sized and pink in color. The yield starts early with this variety and is then regularly high. The Bern rose apple is susceptible to apple scab and powdery mildew , especially in lower altitudes. Good results are achieved on moist, nutrient-rich soils at somewhat higher altitudes.
fruit
- Size, weight: Medium-sized apples. Height 6.5 - 7 cm, width 7 - 7.5 cm, weight 110 - 130 g.
- Shape: irregularly shaped. Flat ribs that run from the stem towards the cup disturb the rounding. The belly is below the center. The fruit decreases towards the calyx too bluntly cone-shaped.
- Calyx: The green, large-leaved calyx is half open or closed. It lies in a fairly deep, angular, sometimes squashed cave. At the base of the sepal towards the edge of the cave there are often light green stripes, folds and pearls.
- Stem: Here we find the peculiarity that the stem soon becomes thin, brownish-red, 1 - 1.5 cm long, but soon forms only a fleshy, button-like thickening. The stem cavity is narrow, often lined with yellow-brown, radiant grate. Mostly protruding flesh bulges narrow the cavity or partially fill it in, with the fruit stalk being pushed to the side.
- Color: The greenish-yellow basic color is usually not visible at all. This only occurs around the calyx in the case of fruits that have grown in the shade. The whole fruit is washed out dark red. Faint stripes are visible in lighter areas. Characteristic of Bernese rose apples are the light, deepened spots and the striking purple-colored frosting that the fruit shows when fresh from the tree
- Skin: Quite thick-skinned, matt-glossy, aromatic.
- Core: large, onion or heart-shaped. The axis cord forms a spindle-shaped cavity, in which the bean- or shell-shaped adjacent seed compartments open completely.
- Seeds: small, egg-shaped, dark brown.
- Calyx and pistil tube: Conical, up to 1 cm long. The stamens have grown 2 mm below the sepals.
- Flesh: The greenish or yellowish white meat is often reddish under the skin. The vascular cords surrounding the core are also reddish. The meat is very juicy and tastes pleasant, sweet and tart with strong, raspberry-like spices.
- Ripeness: From the end of September, the Bern rose apple can be enjoyed fresh from the tree. The Bern rose apple can be stored until January; Origin from higher altitudes also longer. The variety is used as a table apple and for making juice.
literature
- Walter Hartmann (Ed.): Color Atlas of Old Fruit Types. 5th edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-8001-0316-4 .
- Herbert Pertzold: Apple varieties . Neumann, Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-7402-0075-8 , p. 32.
- Th. Zschokke: Swiss fruit pictures. Wädenswil, Sept. 1925.
- Gerhard Friedrich, Herbert Petzold: Handbook of fruit varieties. Neumann Verlag, 1993, ISBN 3-8001-4853-6 .
Web links
- Garden plants Daepp: history
- Fruit growing advice Baden-Württemberg: Bern rose apple
- BUND Lemgo's fruit variety database: Berner Rosenapfel