Betaxolol

Structural formula
	Structural formula without stereochemistry
General
Surname	Betaxolol
other names	( RS ) -1- {4- [2- (cyclopropylmethoxy) ethyl] phenoxy} -3- (isopropylamino) propan-2-ol; (±) -1- {4- [2- (Cyclopropylmethoxy) ethyl] -phenoxy} -3- (isopropylamino) propan-2-ol;
Molecular formula	C 18 H 29 NO 3
External identifiers / databases
EC number	613-310-1
ECHA InfoCard	100.113.058
PubChem	2369
ChemSpider	2279
DrugBank	DB00195
Wikidata	Q794162
Drug information
ATC code	C07 AB05 , S01 ED02
properties
Molar mass	307.43 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	71 ° C; 111.5–112.5 ° C (hydrochloride)
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
H and P phrases	H: 302-361fd
	P: 201-264-270-280-308 + 313-405
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Betaxolol ( INN ) is a drug from the group of selective β ₁ blockers. It is used to lower the pressure in the eye or blood pressure.

Medical use

Betaxolol is used in the treatment of ocular hypertension or glaucoma . Betaxolol is comparable in effectiveness to timolol and has a pressure reduction of 13 to 30%. Betaxolol is a lipophilic beta blocker that mainly blocks β ₁ -adrenoceptors and only in a negligible range the β ₂ -adrenoceptors. Betaxolol is therefore one of the β ₁ -selective blockers.

Another area of application is the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension (high blood pressure). Oral administration can lower blood pressure by about 15 mmHg. The usual dose is between 10 and 20 mg daily, the effectiveness is comparable to that of atenolol .

Absorption and distribution in the body

Betaxolol is taken either orally or ocularly. It is therefore one of the topical medicines. The breakdown takes place via the liver, in which it is chemically converted. The kidneys then direct the waste products created into the urine for disposal. The half-life in the body is 18 hours, for older patients this time can increase by up to 100%.

Generics

Common brand names (including the US market) include: Betoptic, Betoptic S, Lokren, Kerlone.

Stereochemistry

Betaxolol contains a stereocenter and consists of two enantiomers . This is a racemate , i.e. a 1: 1 mixture of ( R ) and ( S ) form:

Betaxolol enantiomers
( R ) -Betaxolol	( S ) -Betaxolol

Individual evidence

↑ A. Habibi Yangjeh, E. Pourbasheer, M. Danandeh-Jenagharad: Prediction of melting point for drug-like compounds using principal component-genetic algorithm-artificial neural network. In: Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society , Vol. 29 (4), pp. 833-841, 2008.
↑ Entry on Betaxolol. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 25, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b Entry on Betaxolol Hydrochloride at TCI Europe, accessed on December 3, 2017.
↑ MM Buckley, KL Goa, SP Clissold: Ocular betaxolol. A review of its pharmacological properties, and therapeutic efficacy in glaucoma and ocular hypertension . In: Drugs . 40, No. 1, July 1990, pp. 75-90. doi : 10.2165 / 00003495-199040010-00005 . PMID 2202584 .
↑ Patent US4694022 : Fatty acid salts of betaxolol useful in the treatment of glaucoma. Published December 24, 1986 , Inventors: SH Gerson, WW Han. ‌
^ R. Beresford, HC Heels: Betaxolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension . In: Drugs . 31, No. 1, January 1986, pp. 6-28. PMID 2866947 .
^ RL Williams, KK Goyle, TS Hermann, BA Rofmann, GE Ruoff, LB Hogan: Dose-dependent effects of betaxolol in hypertension: a double-blind, multicenter study . In: The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology . 32, No. 4, April 1992, pp. 360-367. PMID 1569238 .
↑ ^a ^b Red List 2017 - List of Medicines for Germany (including EU approvals and certain medical devices) . 57th edition. Rote Liste Service, Frankfurt / Main, 2017, ISBN 978-3-946057-10-9 , p. 164.
↑ Patent US5798393 : Betaxolol hydrochloride for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Published August 25, 1998 , Inventor: Conrad Melton Swartz. ‌

[1] A. Habibi Yangjeh, E. Pourbasheer, M. Danandeh-Jenagharad: Prediction of melting point for drug-like compounds using principal component-genetic algorithm-artificial neural network. In: Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society , Vol. 29 (4), pp. 833-841, 2008.

[römpp-2] Entry on Betaxolol. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 25, 2019.

[TCI-3] Entry on Betaxolol Hydrochloride at TCI Europe, accessed on December 3, 2017.

[4] MM Buckley, KL Goa, SP Clissold: Ocular betaxolol. A review of its pharmacological properties, and therapeutic efficacy in glaucoma and ocular hypertension . In: Drugs . 40, No. 1, July 1990, pp. 75-90. doi : 10.2165 / 00003495-199040010-00005 . PMID 2202584 .

[US_Patent-5] Patent US4694022 : Fatty acid salts of betaxolol useful in the treatment of glaucoma. Published December 24, 1986 , Inventors: SH Gerson, WW Han. ‌

[6] R. Beresford, HC Heels: Betaxolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension . In: Drugs . 31, No. 1, January 1986, pp. 6-28. PMID 2866947 .

[7] RL Williams, KK Goyle, TS Hermann, BA Rofmann, GE Ruoff, LB Hogan: Dose-dependent effects of betaxolol in hypertension: a double-blind, multicenter study . In: The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology . 32, No. 4, April 1992, pp. 360-367. PMID 1569238 .

[Rote_Liste-8] Red List 2017 - List of Medicines for Germany (including EU approvals and certain medical devices) . 57th edition. Rote Liste Service, Frankfurt / Main, 2017, ISBN 978-3-946057-10-9 , p. 164.

[US_Patent2-9] Patent US5798393 : Betaxolol hydrochloride for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Published August 25, 1998 , Inventor: Conrad Melton Swartz. ‌