Assisted living

As assisted living housing types are referred to where people find support, require different depending on the living conditions of the aid. These are, for example, old , mentally ill or mentally, mentally and / or physically disabled people, the homeless or young people . Care is provided by social workers or psychologists , curative educators , family carers, curative educators, educators , therapists or nursing staff . In various federal states, the supporting person is also referred to as social assistance . The care should guarantee the greatest possible autonomy while at the same time providing support to deal with individual problems . The legal support is not included "Living assisted" with the.

A special feature is assisted living for older people who do not necessarily have a pronounced need for help, care and / or care, but want to live in a residential complex that, in addition to barrier-free living space, offers a range of basic services in the area of ​​safety, general care and offers so-called low-threshold support services, which if not enable independent living in old age, at least make it easier.

Housing forms

A basic distinction must be made between living with outpatient assistance (also called outpatient assistance or assistance ), living in assisted living communities and assisted living for senior citizens .

There are different forms of support, depending on individual needs. There are people who live in their own apartment and receive support from their individual helpers or an outpatient care service . The need can be a few hours per week or significantly more. It is often only important that the person being cared for is reminded of their regular duties, i.e. that they receive help with everyday tasks. When assisted living as living arrangements in old age one hand, living in shape is a separate, self-contained apartment regularly on a lease and also a package of general support services / Basic services via a so-called. By the provider and / or by a cooperating with it service support contract or service agreement provided . In addition, there are the optional services with regard to which the tenant has freedom of choice.

As a form of living, assisted living for senior citizens does not belong to the homes in the sense of the Home Act or the state home laws that arose in the course of the implementation of the federalism reform. Legally, there is an independent household with a target group-specific care offer, the content of which is contractually regulated.

Another form is living together in therapeutic residential communities . Here, too, there are differences in the level of support. A rough distinction can be made between round-the-clock care and care that only takes place during the day or at certain times.

If care does not take place around the clock - for example in the case of the mentally ill - then living, be it in a shared apartment or individual living, is referred to as outpatient assisted living. At five hundred to one thousand euros per month, the costs for the social assistance provider are significantly lower than the more intensively cared-for forms, the latter is also referred to as semi-stationary or stationary.

Especially in therapeutic residential communities, the responsibilities of the caregiver often involve a great many details in daily life. This includes many practical things such as personal hygiene, cleanliness of living spaces, dealing with money and also shopping, also according to individual needs. Advice in private conflicts can also be part of the care offer.

Psychological counseling is often offered in order to overcome conflicts.

In many shared flats there are regular group meetings in which issues relating to the group are clarified.

There is conflict counseling in the event of disputes between residents or with the carers.

Assisted living is also possible in the variants Accompanied Individual Living or Accompanied Family Living . In the case of accompanied individual living, adult people with physical , psychological or cognitive disabilities are supported in their personal environment by a socio-educational and / or nursing-trained specialist so that they can cope with the demands of everyday life and can largely live independently in their own apartment and not in one Need to be housed at home. In the case of accompanied family living, the children, life partners or spouses are also accompanied and supported. The supported family members can be non-disabled as well as disabled and in need of help.

aims

Having the freedom to choose one's apartment independently and in a self-determined manner is a fundamental human need. The primary objective is therefore to those affected take as little responsibility as necessary, to promote it, one of their own lives or a placement in a nursing home or residential care home to avoid or postpone as much as possible.

Furthermore, the principle applies that people with intellectual disabilities also have the right to a free choice of accommodation and the inviolability of their home.

In the case of many mentally ill people, the aim is to later enable them to live outside of care, to guarantee them help, to reintegrate into society and, if possible, to find a job again.

distribution

In 2019, around 150,000 people lived in assisted living in Germany.

According to the study, Housing in Old Age, carried out by the Kuratorium Deutscher Altershilfe (KDA) on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS) , 5.2% of senior households (65 years and older) largely live in age-appropriate apartments . According to a Prognos study commissioned by the KfW banking group in July 2014 (evaluation of the KfW program, age- appropriate renovation ) , around 1.7% of all existing apartments or 700,100 units of the approx age-appropriate. According to this, the age-appropriate renovation of around 24,178 apartments on average is subsidized. Between 2009 and 2013 this number fluctuated between 12,698 (2012) and 43,310 (2011) apartments.

Law

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

Regulatory law / dormitory law / facility law

Assisted living was inadequately defined by law as a form of living and living; there was no legal definition. Since dormitory law has become state law, all federal states have included more or less detailed definitions in their new state home or state facility laws, with a few exceptions.

Social law

The legal basis can be found in Section 55, Paragraph 2, No. 6 of Book IX of the Social Code (rehabilitation and participation of disabled people). In the context of participation in life in the community ( integration assistance ) for people with disabilities, “assistance for living in assisted housing” is mentioned as a service. This can result in claims to social benefits within the framework of integration assistance (SGB XII), the so-called “assisted living”, which usually includes the above. outpatient counseling and social services are understood.

If there is a need for help not due to a mental illness, but due to other social difficulties, there is sometimes a right to help according to Sections 67 to 69 of the SGB ​​XII ( help to overcome particular social difficulties ). This can include inpatient as well as outpatient forms of living, both in the form of individual apartments and assisted living groups .

The assisted living for the elderly is a private matter; there is no specific social law.

Contract law

There is no provision in this regard in the German Civil Code (BGB), not even in the implementing laws and regulations. With the Housing and Care Contract Act (WBVG), certain contract constellations have been regulated by law. However, living with general support services is not covered by the WBVG. In these cases, civil tenancy law applies to living and service contract law to care . Both are regulated in the BGB.

quality

However, the DIN German Institute for Standardization has standardized the quality requirements for providers of the “assisted living for the elderly” type of living in the DIN standard DIN 77800 and DIN 18040 I and II. This means that there is also the possibility for assisted living providers to have their services certified. A recognized certification body is e.g. B. DIN CERTCO, a company of the TÜV Rheinland Group. The assisted living offers are assessed by accredited experts from the DIS Institute for Service Real Estate. In addition to the certification of existing housing and care offers, there is also the precertification of projects and concepts.

Since 2012 there has also been a European quality standard for assisted living, the CEN / TS 16118 - Sheltered Housing, which is in the form of a "Technical Specification" as a recommendation of the European standards institute CEN Comité Européen de Normalization for national standardization. Austria has already implemented this TS in an ÖNORM. ÖNORM CEN / TS 16118 - Assisted living contains minimum standards for the quality of assisted living. This standard will also serve as a certification basis in Austria. Precertifications and certifications are expected to be possible from mid-2012.

See also

• Dementia village
• Dementia community
• Multi-generation house
• Seniors' cooperative
• Service housing
• Social station
• Social orphan
• Street kid

literature

• German Institute for Standardization: DIN 77800, Edition: 2006-09 - Quality requirements for providers of the type of living "Assisted living for the elderly" .
• Bertelsmann Stiftung, Kuratorium Deutsche Altershilfe (Ed.): Outpatient assisted living groups - working aid for initiators . In the series Leben und Wohnen im Alter, ISBN 3-935299-88-5 .
• Lutz H. Michel: Assisted living. New DIN norm sets nationwide standard. In: nursing home. Issue 12, 2006, pp. 44-47.
• Anja Möwisch, Lutz H. Michel: Housing and Care Contract Act. Residents become consumers. In: nursing home. Issue 9, 2009, pp. 30-33.
• Holger Mühlbauer: Assisted living for older people. Service requirements according to DIN 77800 . Beuth Pocket, 2007, ISBN 978-3-410-16469-2 .
• Martin Obermüller, Marlene Helfert: New forms of living and living together in old age - an overview . Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8381-2365-3 .
• Austrian Standards Institute: ÖNORM CEN / TS 16118 Assisted living - Requirements for services for older people in the context of assisted living .
• Lutz H. Michel, Thomas Schlueter: Handbook of assisted living - living and services for older people . Verlag CH Beck, 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-62789-7 .
• Volker Lipp, Katharina Ohrt: Assisted living as a "home"? In: Care Law Practice. 6, 2005, pp. 209-214.
• Lutz H. Michel, Walter Eichinger, Ingrid Hastedt: Assisted living for seniors - the ÖNORM CEN / TS 16118 - practical comment . Austrian Standards plus Publishing, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-85402-256-5 .
• Lutz H. Michel: The "new forms of housing" in the state housing laws - opportunities and risks for housing offers. In: FWW. 5.2011, pp. 9-10, FWW. 6.2011, pp. 24-25, FWW. 1.2012, pp. 22-23, FWW. 2.2012, pp. 26-29, FWW. 3.2012, pp. 18-19, FWW. 4.2012, pp. 18-19, FWW. 5.2012, pp. 10-12, FWW. 1.2013, pp. 25-28 each with further references

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Barmer care report.
2. ↑ Evaluation of the KfW program for age-appropriate renovation. (PDF) Prognos , accessed on May 26, 2016 .