Street kid

Street children in the broader sense of the word are children and young people under the age of 18 who are homeless , run away from home or have no relatives, i.e. who have to look after themselves.

definition

The term street child has become a universal term for various phenomena in industrialized and developing countries , for homelessness and working children, etc. UNICEF distinguishes between:

• Children on the street : spend a large part of the day here to work etc.
• Street children : they actually have the center of their lives, sleep there.

The terms are regularly criticized. In Brazil , it is often criticized that the expression street child creates the impression that life on the street is a static condition. Therefore, scientific contributions increasingly call Crianças e Adolescentes em Situação de Rua , i.e. children and young people in the life situation on the street , which indicates the dynamic : They are on the street at times, always with the possibility of a change in life situation (cf. Schwinger 2005) . Manfred Liebel suggested (2000) that we should only talk about working children.

Living conditions

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Street children live at bus stops , in train stations and vacant buildings, on sidewalks and in subway shafts. They sometimes do small jobs for money or meals, beg money, food and cigarettes from passers-by or tourists or sometimes steal. Occasionally, this life (such as with the consumption of alcohol and other psychoactive substances sniffing of solvents linked). Prostitution is common. Occasionally these children and adolescents are victims of violence and sexual abuse and, due to a lack of school education, cannot obtain training to practice a profession.

In many countries, charitable organizations set up orphanages and dormitories as well as training centers for children and young people, be it with a care concept for the helpless social orphans and / or to enable them to lead a self-determined life through empowerment .

numbers

Worldwide, the number of street children including young people (sometimes also adolescents are added), who are mainly to be found in metropolises , is estimated at over 100 million.

Selection:

• India : 11 to 18 million
• United States : approximately 1.55 million between 2005 and 2006; over 2.5 million (homeless children) in 2013
• Egypt : 1.5 million
• Philippines : 1 million
• Morocco : 30,000
• Brazil : 25,000-10 million
• Germany : 7,000
• Jamaica : 6,500
• Mongolia : 4,000
• Uruguay : 3,000
• Romania : 1,900

Situation in Germany

Overnight accommodation for street children thanks to the “bed-by-night” container project in Hanover on Welfenplatz

The relief organization Off Road Kids , founded in Germany in 1994, assumes (2007) that up to 2500 minors live on the streets at times (a few hundred are at risk of remaining homeless ). In 2001, the terre des hommes children's aid organization suspected up to 9,000 street children - in the broad definition of "... on the street" and including adults.

Examples of aid organizations in different countries

The Brazil Aid Padre Bene works in Brazil in the cities of Arapiraca and Recife . 160 former street children are housed in their own houses. The children receive medical and psychological care and attend public schools. In an in-house wood workshop, they are given the opportunity to prepare for a trade.

The number of street children in Romania was at times estimated at up to 100,000.

Streetkids International (founded 2001 in Frankfurt a. M.) helps AIDS orphans in Tanzania . 70 of around two million already live in the association's own orphanages. The comparatively small aid organization is personally involved on site on a regular basis. In February 2007, she opened a training center in Dar es Salaam that trains young people to become carpenters and tailors. The club's own Montessori Kindergarten on the southern outskirts of Dar es Salaam has been in operation since 2015. Streetkids International financed a total of 450 school places in primary and secondary schools (as of 2016).

In Austria, the aid organization Jugend Eine Welt is committed to street children around the world and launched Street Children's Day on January 31st . On this day, attention should be drawn to the fate of these children. With educational materials and action proposals, school classes and youth groups are encouraged to deal with the life of street children. This is intended to create awareness for this topic. There are around 500 street children in Austria.

Famous former street kids

• Mario Capecchi (geneticist, Nobel Prize winner)
• Elizabeth Murray (motivational speaker)

Scientific and socio-educational literature

• Carolin Hoch et al .: Street youth in Germany - a survey on the extent of the phenomenon. Final report - central results of the 2nd project phase Deutsches Jugendinstitut, Halle (Saale) 2017, ISBN 978-3-86379-242-8
• Carolin Hoch et al .: Street youth in Germany - a survey on the extent of the phenomenon. Interim report - central results of the 1st project phase , German Youth Institute, Halle (Saale) 2016, ISBN 978-3-86379-200-8
• Tatjana Mögling, Frank Tillmann, Birgit Reissig: Decoupled from the system: Young people transitioning into young adulthood and challenges for youth welfare structures German Youth Institute / Vodafone Foundation, Düsseldorf 2015
• Tatjana Mögling, Sarah Beierle: Once a street, always a street? Need for action and support structures for street youth in: Forum Jugendhilfe. 2/2015: 4-11
• Anna Schmid: The street children project as an organization: structures, processes and quality using the example of a home in Brazil. Wiesbaden 2010.
• Friederike Rausch: Non-formal education for street children. An examination of pedagogical approaches to employment-oriented education using the example of projects in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Saarbrücken 2009.
• Holger Thiel: Participation and Self-Determination. Chances of civil society organization of Indian street children. Münster 2008
• Michael Schwinger: You can even be a photographer! Media educational work with Brazilian street children . Frankfurt 2005
• Hartwig Weber, Sor Sara Sierra: Scars on my skin. Street children take photos of themselves. Frankfurt 2003
• Manfred Liebel: There are no street children. About the winding paths of a paternalistic metaphor. In: Zs. Soziale Arbeit, 2000, 4, ISSN  0490-1606 pp. 122-130
• Hanna Permien: With one leg at home, with one leg on the street in: Altgeld / Hofrichter (Ed.): Reiches Land - Sick Children? Frankfurt / Main 2000: Mabuse, pp. 31-42
• Hanna Permien, Gabriela Zink: The end of the line? Road careers from the perspective of young people Deutsches Jugendinstitut, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-87966-379-3
• Hanna Permien, Peter Jogschies, Gabriela Zink: Street children - youth welfare at their limits? in: Forum Educational Aids. 3 vol., H. 4/1997, pp. 206-213

Literature for young people and for schools

• Jorge Amado : Lords of the Beach . Reclam, Leipzig 1987, ISBN 978-3-379-00101-4 .
• Jürgen Banscherus : Asphalt roulette. Arena, Würzburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-401-02753-1 .
• Lesley Beake; Christoph Plate, Translator: Strollers. Street children in Cape Town. Erika Klopp, 1992, ISBN 3-7817-0216-2 .
• Uwe Britten ; Leon Maresch (photos): Chopped off. How Germany's street children live. Palette, Bamberg 1995, ISBN 3-928062-11-5 .
• Andy Butcher: street kids. Silent cry of the forgotten. Projection J. 1996, ISBN 978-3-89490-148-6 .
• Sarah de Carvalho: They are all still children. The unbelievable way of a woman from the dream factory Hollywood to the streets of Brazil . Projection J, 1997, ISBN 978-3-89490-213-1 .
• Christine Fehér : Street blues. Patmos, 2004 and ö., ISBN 3-7941-7026-1 .
• Anatol Feid : Don't worry, Maria! Elefanten Press, Berlin 1985, ISBN 978-3-88520-163-2 .
• Jana Frey : Dead end freedom. Loewe, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7855-6467-7 .
• Hans-Martin Große-Oetringhaus : Jogan runs away. A terre des hommes book about child labor and pavement dwellers in India. Elefanten Press, Berlin 1990, 1999 ISBN 3-88520-325-1 ; again terre des hommes, Osnabrück 2002. Series: Books for an earth of humanity, 4, ISBN 3-924493-36-7 .
• Stefan Gurtner: Crooked paw. Elefanten Press, Espresso, Berlin 1993, ISBN 978-3-88520-475-6 .
• Firdaus Kanga ed .; Peter Dalglish, assoc .; Dario Mitidieri, Photos: The Children of Bombay. Illustrated book. Braus, Heidelberg 1994; Umschau again, 2000, ISBN 978-3-89466-104-5 . European publishers award for photography
• Mecka Lind: Isabel. A street child in Rio. Novel. Arena, 1995, ISBN 978-3-401-04622-8 .
• Henning Mankell : The chronicler of the winds. Novel. Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag dtv, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-423-12964-0 .
• Jess Mowry: Children of the night. Holloway, 1991; All America Distributors, 1991, ISBN 0-87067-575-3 (In English - Teenagers in the US).
• Miriam Müller: And now, Ricardo? The story of a Brazilian street child. Kolibri, 1998, ISBN 978-3-928376-23-5 .
• Christina Noble: No man's child. Bechtermünz , Augsburg 1999, ISBN 978-3-8289-0240-4 .
• Dirk Reinhardt : Train Kids , Gerstenberg Verlag, Hildesheim 2015 ISBN 978-3-8369-5800-4
• Morton Rhue ; Werner Schmitz , Translator: Asphalt Tribe. Children of the street. Ravensburger, 9th edition 2014, ISBN 3-473-58212-3 .
• Maria Rusp: Whirled up like leaves in the wind. A novel from the street children's milieu. Frieling, Berlin 2000, ISBN 978-3-8280-1164-9 .
• Walther Specht, ed .: Street fever. Street children - a problem in world society. Contributions to social work of the Diakonie, 4. Contributions by Hans Thiersch , Thomas Möbius u. a.- Verlagswerk der Diakonie, 1991, ISBN 3-923110-74-X .
• Antje Szillat : asphalt tracks. Zweihorn, 2013, ISBN 978-3-943199-72-7 (about Bucharest).

Web links

Wiktionary: Street kid  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989
• Information on street children in Terre des hommes
• Street Children's Day
• Brandy Blackman: Intervening in the lives of street children. A case from Zambia. Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. Syracuse (New York) 2001

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Street Children "our lives our words" - NI 377 - The Facts . www.newint.org. Archived from the original on January 25, 2008. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 5, 2008.  
2. ^ 'Young doctors' minister to India's street children , CNN.com
3. ↑ homelesschildrenamerica.org (PDF; 20.6 MB), The National Center on Family Homelessness: State report card on child homelessness , II. Snapshot of Child Homelessness, p. 8, in English
4. ↑ Child Poverty in America: More than 2.5 million homeless children in the United States. Wirtschaftswoche, November 18, 2014, accessed on February 22, 2015 . 
5. ↑ America's youngest outcasts. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 21, 2015 ; accessed on February 22, 2015 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ UNICEF - Press center - British Airways staff visit street children centers in Cairo . www.unicef.org. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
7. ^ World Street Children News :: Children in detention in the Philippines :: November :: 2003 . streetkidnews.blogsome.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 5, 2008.  
8. ^ Guardian . www.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
9. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
10. ↑ Hope Unlimited launches $ 4.8 million campaign for street kids . www.christianexaminer.com. Archived from the original on December 25, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 5, 2008.  
11. ^ Tracey Skelton, Tim Allen (1999) Culture and global change , Routledge, p. 217
12. ↑ "All in all, we can assume 6,512 underage street youths." . Deutsches Jugendinstitut eV: Street youth in Germany - final report 2017 , p. 42 (PDF, 800kB). Retrieved August 1, 2017.
13. ↑ No night out for street kids - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM . www.jamaicaobserver.com. Archived from the original on May 9, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 5, 2008.  
14. ↑ Ecpat International . www.ecpat.net. Archived from the original on May 21, 2006. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 5, 2008.  
15. ^ Street children in Mongolia . www.streetchildren.de. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
16. ^ Street Children “our lives our words” - NI 377 - Ricardo: 'The only thing I hate in the world is the police' . www.newint.org. Archived from the original on February 24, 2008. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 5, 2008.  
17. ↑ frommelt.ag , Street Children in Bucharest, 2003
18. ↑ Street children & young homeless people in Germany . Off road kids. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
19. ↑ Around 9,000 children, adolescents and young adults in Germany spend most of the day on the street. . terre des hommes. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
20. ↑ Street Children's Day