Hypogymnia physodes
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Lichen lichen on a larch |
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| Hypogymnia physodes | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Nyl. |
Hypogymnia physodes , also known as bladder lichen , is one of the most common leaf lichens in Austria and Germany .
description
The lichen grows in rosettes or irregularly and has a gray, deeply divided, leafy bed (lichen body). This type sits tightly on the ground, but does not have its own adhesive fibers on the underside. The ends of the lobes are often bent up like a lip in old age and break open in a dusty manner (Sorale).
Location
The bladder lichen is mainly found on conifers and deciduous trees with acidic bark ( birch , oak , black alder ) and also on silicate rock from the lowlands to above the tree line. In montane locations, it often forms mass vegetation with species of the genera Pseudevernia and Platismatia . In contrast, it is almost completely absent in regions that are used intensively for agriculture.
particularities
Hypogymnia physodes is considered a pointer species for acidic locations and benefited from acid rain , for example . Due to the decline in environmental pollution, especially sulfur pollution, this species finds worse living conditions. It has become rarer, especially in heavily agricultural areas with a high level of nitrogen pollution (basic).
Hypogymnia physodes has proven itself as a bio-indicator in the standardized method of lichen exposure to record the integral effect of air pollution .
ingredients
Olivetol can be obtained from the bladder lichen by extraction with ethanol or ether , the content is up to 2.6%.
literature
- Kirschbaum / Wirth: "Recognize lichen - determine air quality", Ulmer, 2nd edition 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3486-1
- Marbach / Kainz: "BLV Naturführer Moose, Fern und Lichen", Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16323-4
- Wirth: "Flechtenflora", Ulmer, 2nd edition 1995, ISBN 3-8001-2607-9
- Volkmar Wirth, Ruprecht Düll : Color Atlas of Lichen and Moss. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3517-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Isabelle Franzen-Reuter: Effects of experimental nitrogen administration on the nitrogen content of selected epiphytes. In: Hazardous substances - cleanliness. Air . 73, No. 4, 2013, ISSN 0949-8036 , pp. 159-166.
- ↑ VDI 3799 sheet 2: 1991-10 measurement of immission effects; Determination and assessment of phytotoxic effects of immissions with lichens; Method of standardized lichen exposure (Measurement of immission effects; measurement and evaluation of phytotoxic effects of ambient air pollutants (immissions) with lichens; method of standardized lichen exposure). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 4.
- ↑ http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0352-5139/2011/0352-51391100087S.pdf .