Boğdan Sarayı
The Boğdan Sarayı ( Turkish for Palace of Bogdania ) was a Byzantine church in Constantinople . The building was built in Byzantine times, its patronage is unknown. In Ottoman times, the small building was consecrated to Nicholas of Myra and also known as Agios Nikólaos tou Bogdansarághi ( Greek Ἅγιος Νικόλαος τοῦ Βογδανσαράγι ). In the 19th century it was part of the Constantinople embassy of the Moldovan Hospodar at the Sublime Porte . Only the foundations of the structure have been preserved.
location
The remains of the building are located in the Salmatomruk district in Istanbul's Fatih district at Draman Caddesi 32 , not far from the Edirnekapı Gate (formerly: Charisius Gate) of the Theodosian Wall , around 250 meters east of the Chora Church and 100 meters north of the Kefeli- Mosque . The remains of the church are difficult to access behind a car workshop.
history
Byzantine era
The church was built on a slope of the sixth hill of Constantinople. Little is known about the history of the building in Byzantine times. Due to its location, it could have been part of the Hagios Ioannis Prodromos en ti Petra monastery ( Greek Ἅγιος Ιωάννης Πρόδρομος ἐν τῇ Πὲτρα ), which was one of the largest monasteries in Constantinople. Important relics were kept here, such as the instruments of Christ's passion , with which Christ was tortured on the cross. It can be taken for granted that the building was not Catholic of the monastery due to its dimensions . According to some sources, it is said to have been built in the 12th century during the Komnenen period, while other sources see it as a building from the palaeologists period in the 14th century. The expansion from north to south suggests that the building was probably not built as a church, but as a burial chapel.
Ottoman era
After the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453, the chapel became part of the large property that the Hospodar of the Principality of Moldova acquired to accommodate his diplomatic representation. The name of the building comes from this period. The principality was also called Bogdania after the founder of the Principality of Moldova, Bogdan I, and this is how the name Bogdania Palace came about. The private chapel is one of the few examples of chapels in patrician houses in an Ottoman town.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the complex was in great demand as it had a massive perimeter wall that protected the property from fire. The Sultan himself rented the property for several foreign embassy members, including the Swedish ambassadors to the Sublime Porte P. Strasburg and C. Rolomb, who lived in Constantinople in 1634 and 1657/58. In June 1760 the Phanariote Johannes Callimaches sold it to the Russian Orthodox monastery of St. Pantaleon on Mount Athos.
In 1784 the building complex was damaged in a fire and the land was then used as a market garden. At that time the church still belonged to the Panaleon monastery, as relatives of Callimaches confirmed in January 1795 and August 1814, but the Russian monks showed little interest in rebuilding, which could have been due to the Russian-Ottoman wars of that time. The building gradually fell into disrepair in the 19th century and was completely destroyed in the Constantinople earthquake in 1894. In 1918 a German archaeologist examined the ruins and carried out excavations here. He found the crypt with three unnamed graves. In the second half of the 20th century the remains belonged to a gecekondu . Today there is a car repair shop here and access is difficult. Most of the above-ground remains have been removed, only the crypt still exists.
description
The church had a rectangular floor plan, was 6.2 meters long and 3.50 meters wide. It had two floors with the chapel on the ground floor and an underground crypt. The chapel was surmounted by a dome with pendentives supported by two transverse arches on the walls and ended towards the north with a bema and a polygonal apse , decorated with niches on the outside. The crypt is surmounted by a barrel vault and had a simple apse. The masonry consisted of three or four rows of light-colored stone, interrupted by several rows of red bricks. The resulting color banding is typical of the late Byzantine period. The north-south expansion indicates a use as a burial chapel, as all the larger churches in Constantinople ran from east to west. The confirmed presence of remains of the wall perpendicular to the banded structure of the masonry indicates that this building was an extension of a larger complex.
literature
- Ernest Mamboury : The Tourists' Istanbul . Çituri Biraderler Basımevi, Istanbul 1953
- Raymond Janin: Le Siège de Constantinople et le Patriarcat Oecuménique . (= 1st part of the 3rd volume: Les Églises et les Monastères by La Géographie Ecclésiastique de l'Empire Byzantin ), Institut Français d'Etudes Byzantines, Paris 1953,
- Wolfgang Müller-Wiener : Image lexicon on the topography of Istanbul: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul up to the beginning of the 17th century . Wasmuth, Tübingen 1977, ISBN 978-3803010223
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Janin (1953), p. 384
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 108
- ↑ Archaeological Destruction in Turkey (Marmara Regıon - Byzantıne Perıod), 2008 Preliminary report , Türkiye Arkeolojik Yerleşmeleri, p. 45 (PDF)
- ↑ a b c d e f Janin (1953), p. 385
- ↑ a b Mamboury (1953), p. 255
- ^ Charles King : The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the politics of culture . Hoover Institution Press, Stanford 1999, ISBN 978-0817997922 , p. 17
Coordinates: 41 ° 1 ′ 47.1 ″ N , 28 ° 56 ′ 31.6 ″ E