Toads and barbour frogs

Toads and barbour frogs
	juvenile yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata )
Systematics
Superclass :	Jaw mouths (Gnathostomata)
Row :	Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda)
without rank:	Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order :	Frog (anura)
Superfamily :	Disc tongue i. w. S. (Discoglossoidea)
Family :	Toads and barbour frogs
Scientific name
	Bombinatoridae
	JE Gray , 1825

The toads and barbour frogs (Bombinatoridae) are a family of primitive frogs (Anura), with two genera and ten species in Europe, north-east and south China, in the Russian region of Primorye , in Korea, on the Philippine islands of Palawan and Busuanga and in Occurs west of Borneo . They are the sister group of the midwife toads ( Alytes ) and the common discolor ( Discoglossus ).

features

Toads and barbour frogs are quite small, the toads ( Bombina ) reach head-trunk lengths of 4 to 8 cm, while the barbour frogs ( Barbourula ) can get a little larger with 6 to 10 cm length. The palatine is missing in the skull . The frontoparietal is formed in pairs. The pelvis is primitive (arciferal). The fibula and shin have grown together at both ends. The tadpole's mouth is keratinized . You have two spiraculi .

Way of life

Toads live aquatic, in swamps, moors, small ponds and pools and in small, slow-flowing streams. The way of life of the Barbour frogs has so far been little researched. They also live mainly aquatic, but in mountain streams with scree bottoms. With 60 to 200 eggs, the spawning packets of toads and barbour frogs are relatively small. The Borneo Barbour frog ( Barbourula kalimantanensis ) is the only known lungless frog species.

Systematics

There are two genera with ten species in Europe and Asia, with Barbourula being restricted to the Philippines and Borneo.

Family Bombinatoridae Gray, 1825 - Toads and barbour frogs

Genus Barbourula Taylor & Noble, 1924 - Barbour frogs

Species Barbourula busuangensis Taylor & Noble, 1924 - Philippines Barbour Frog

Species Barbourula kalimantanensis Iskandar, 1978 - Borneo Barbour Frog

Genus Bombina , Oken, 1816 - Unken

Species Bombina bombina (Linnaeus, 1761) - fire-bellied toad

Art Bombina fortinuptialis Tian & Wu in Liu, Hu, Tian & Wu, 1978 - Guangxi fire -bellied toad

Species Bombina lichuanensis Ye & Fei, 1994 - Lichuan fire-bellied toad

Species Bombina maxima (Boulenger, 1905) - giant toad

Species Bombina microdeladigitora Liu, Hu & Yang, 1960 - Hubei fire -bellied toad

Species Bombina orientalis (Boulenger, 1890) - Chinese fire-bellied toad

Species Bombina pachypus (Bonaparte, 1838) - Apennine yellow-bellied toad

Species Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) - yellow-bellied toad

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Laurie J. Vitt and Janalee P. Caldwell: Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0123869197 , pages 475-476.
^ RA Pyron & JJ Wiens: A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, 2, pp. 543-83, November 2011
↑ List of species of the family Bombinatoridae in Amphibiaweb

Web links

Commons : Toads and Barbour Frogs - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[VittCaldwell-1] Laurie J. Vitt and Janalee P. Caldwell: Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0123869197 , pages 475-476.

[Pyron_&_Wiens_2011-2] RA Pyron & JJ Wiens: A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, 2, pp. 543-83, November 2011

[3] List of species of the family Bombinatoridae in Amphibiaweb