Bornheim Heath

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The Bornheimer Heide (in historical sources also "Bornheimer Heyde ") was from the early 16th to the late 19th century a parcel between the city of Frankfurt am Main and the historic village of Bornheim, which was about three kilometers east of it at that time , which was already part of Frankfurt in 1475 and which today forms the Frankfurt-Bornheim district. The Bornheimer Heide, the area of ​​which is now part of Frankfurt's eastern Nordend district , was mainly used for agriculture and forestry but also for military purposes until it was completely overbuilt in the 19th century.

Geographical location and history

The poplar avenue on Bornheimer Heide in the 18th century - in a contemporary depiction by F. L. Neubauer
The French balloonist Blanchard rises from Bornheimer Heide in his hot air balloon on October 3, 1785. Contemporary engraving (anonymous).

The Bornheimer Heide was in the area of ​​what is now Frankfurt's Nordend-Ost district . The approximate extension of the terrain, which can no longer be determined with certainty today, began in the southwest at around today's Merianplatz and in the northwest at Günthersburgallee. In the northeast it should have extended to today's Saalburgallee; its southern border was probably determined by the Bornheimer Landwehr , part of the Frankfurter Landwehr .

The "Heide" was created in 1522 through the deforestation of a forest area between Frankfurt and the "funny village" Bornheim, which sold the wood felled there to the city of Frankfurt. The reason for the clearing was the prevention of wood deliveries from the Spessart to Frankfurt am Main by the Archbishop of Mainz, Albrecht von Brandenburg . The oldest surviving cartographic representation of the Bornheimer Heide was recorded on a Frankfurt escort card from 1572 . The original document was destroyed in World War II ; However, there is a replica from 1914, which is currently in the Frankfurt Historical Museum together with other surviving pictorial representations of the area (including the original of the artistic drawing shown on the right) .

The area that was cleared in the 16th century was subsequently used for the deployment of armies and for major events such as Jean-Pierre Blanchard's ascent with a hot air balloon on October 3, 1785 on the occasion of the autumn fair. On July 13 and 14, 1796, the French general Jean-Baptiste Kléber had the Friedberger Warte shot at from Frankfurt; As part of this military action , his troops also destroyed the famous poplar -lined avenue on the Bornheimer Heide, the Frankfurters' walk to Bornheim.

In 1877 work began on the Bornheimer Heide, which the Frankfurt bank Oppenheim und Weil had acquired in 1872 for 500,000 guilders. Over the next thirty years, the previously vacant site was built on almost completely. Today there are mainly residential buildings and retail spaces here . The last on-site indications of the former nature of the site are the street names Heidestrasse , Wiesenstrasse and Sandweg in the districts of Bornheim and Nordend. The name of the immediately neighboring Eichwaldstrasse gives an indication of the condition before the deforestation .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chronicle of the Nordend on the website "Frankfurt-Nordend.de"
  2. ↑ Bornheim in old views , p. 10 f.
  3. ↑ Bornheim in old views , p. 14
  4. ↑ Usener: Chronik Bornheimer Berg , p. 8
  5. ↑ Bornheim in old views , p. 15
  6. ↑ Usener: Chronik Bornheimer Berg , p. 13 on war damage from 1796

literature

  • Working group Heimatmuseum Frankfurt am Main-Bergen-Enkheim eV: Johann Heinrich Usener, bailiff in Bergen - Chronick from the Bornheimerberg district started in 1796 . Historical records edited by Walter Reul. Self-published, Frankfurt 1998
  • Bornheim in old views . Flechsig Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1977. ISBN 3-88189-007-6

Web links

Coordinates: 50 ° 7 ′ 25.6 ″  N , 8 ° 41 ′ 52.9 ″  E