Patty blubber
| Patty blubber | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula amoenicolor | ||||||||||||
| Romagn. |
The meat Nerd Täubling ( Russula amoenicolor ) is a mushroom from the family of Täublingsverwandten . This colorful pigeon from the sub-section Amoeninae is characterized by its velvety reddish to purple stem.
features
Macroscopic features
The patty blubber is similar to the velvet blubber , but is larger, more robust and more colorful. The hat is 8-13 cm wide and colored purple to purple-brown. The colors are often frayed reddish or olive-green, zoned wine-red to violet. Young specimens can sometimes be completely brown-purple. Later they can fade more or less pale green or they turn gray-purple to pinkish-brown.
The slats are cream-ocher and have a salmon-colored shimmer. They are often reddish towards the brim of the hat. The spore powder is light cream to rich cream in color.
The stem is velvety, pale and tinged with carmine-pink to delicate purple in places. The flesh is white and often has a slight hint of the color of the hat. The phenol reaction on the hat skin is weaker than in the velvet pigeon or more red-brown. Just like the velvet deaf, the deafbling clearly smells of crabs.
Microscopic features
The spores are 8 (8.5) µm long and 7–8 µm wide. They are partly strong, partly finely burred to partly reticulated ornamented and sometimes almost winged. The ridges and warts are up to 1–1.5 µm high. The cheilocystids are similar to those of the velvet pigeon. The pleurocystids have a greatly enlarged abdomen. They are 12–18 (22) µm wide and are dispersed. The epicuteal hyphae have short to 10 µm wide, strung together basal sections and lanceolate, pointed end links.
The cystidia are up to 120 (150) µm long and 10–18 µm wide. They are spindle-shaped and the sulfo-benzaldehyde reaction is negative. The cheilocystids are awl-shaped and shorter. The cap skin contains a more or less noticeable granular and extracellular pigment.
ecology
The patties deaf, like all deaflings, is a mycorrhizal producer that can form a symbiosis with various deciduous trees and possibly also with pines. As hosts come downy and sessile oak , maple and hornbeam in question. The Täubling can be found in warm mixed oak forests, especially in downy oak and steppe oak forests . In southern Europe at least, it is also often found in pine forests.
distribution
The patty pigeon is a Mediterranean-subatlantic species. It is found mainly in western and southern Europe, but also in Hungary and North Africa (Morocco). From Great Britain there is isolated evidence from England. The Täubling is probably even rarer in the Benelux than in Germany. He has not been found in the Netherlands since 1990. In northern and northeastern Europe, the patties pavilion seems to be missing, only from Denmark there are reports of finds.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The patty pigeon is classified in the sub-section Amoeninae within the section Heterophyllae . The representatives of this subsection have more or less red to purple overflowing stems. The hat can also be colored red to purple. The hat skin is more or less velvety, at least when young. The taste is mild. The deafblings smell of cooked crab and, when old, herring.
Subspecies and varieties
The following forms and varieties have been described.
| variety | author | description |
|---|---|---|
| Russula amoenicolor f. nigrosanguinea | Romagn. | The hat is almost uniformly blackish-blood-red and later slightly discolored, finally it has a reddish tone, is cream-colored or has an olive-colored shimmer. The hat is up to 10 cm wide and is quickly depressed. The lamellae have a reddish edge. The stem is rose-red to bright purple-red, except at the base, which remains yellowish. The flesh is discolored purple under the hat skin, sometimes it is more or less greenish white. The smell is like the guy or weaker. The phenol reaction is less reddish. The elliptical spores are up to 8.5 µm long and 7 µm wide and are slightly less ornamented. The cystidia and cap skin are like the type. The shape can be found under various deciduous trees. |
| Russula amoenicolor fo. olivacea | ( Maire .) Romagn. ex receipt | The variety has an entirely green hat and a white stem. There is also a completely green form of Russula amoena (= fo. Viridis Bon). Both forms can hardly be distinguished without a microscope. |
| Russula amoenicolor var. Stenocystidiata | Sarnari (1993) | Is also regarded by some authors as a separate species ( Russula stenocystidiata (Sarnari) Donelli (2010) ). Almost like the type species, but the hat is pink-reddish in color and has no green or brown hues. It is also distinguished by the narrower, 8–10 µm wide cystidia and the hair-like hyphae ends in the cap skin, which, like the violet-stemmed deafblings ( R. violeipes ), consist of spherical and chain-like cells that are 16–20 (24) µm wide . The variety is found in thermophilic oak forests. The holotype was collected by M. Sarnari under a cork oak near Tuscania (Italy). |
| Russula amoenicolor var. Ramgarhensis | K. Das , JR Sharma & Bhatt | The hat is 7–8 cm wide, flat convex to depressed and purple in color. The lamellae are broadly grown to attached and yellowish in color. The stem is 4.5–5 cm long and about 2 cm wide. It is cylindrical and tinged with purple. The spore powder is yellow. The almost spherical to broadly elliptical spores are 6.8–7.7 µm long and 5.9–7.3 µm wide. The pleurocystides measure 100–160 × 11–16 µm. They are almost spindle-shaped to bulbous. Pileocystides are absent. The variety comes from the Indian Himalayan region. |
| Russula amoenicolor var. Fenoloviolascens | Donelli | The variety differs from the type in that the meat reacts with phenol, as in the case of the red-stemmed leather blubber, and the hat colors are less attractive. The deafblings occur in deciduous forests mainly under oaks. |
meaning
As a mild pavilion, the patty pavilion should be edible, but M. Bon describes it as inedible. Other authors see it differently and even classify it as a good edible mushroom, even on the edible mushroom list of the French Society for Mycology, it is classified as edible with all its varieties. German mushroom pickers don't have to worry too much about this, as the mushroom is so rare that it can hardly find its way into the collecting basket. Anyone who collects it outside of Germany should boil the mushroom beforehand, not everyone seems to tolerate the mushroom well. Older specimens have a distinct herring smell that not every mushroom eater can appreciate.
literature
- Russula amoenicolor. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula amoenicolor. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank Fungal Databases, accessed January 5, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Russula amoenicolor. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 58 .
- ↑ a b c d Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988) (PDF, 1.4 MB): English translation by M. Bons Russula key: . The Russulales website. P. 48. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved on December 20, 2010.
- ^ A b c d e German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 446.
- ↑ a b Russula amoenicolor. Pilzoek database, accessed August 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula amoenicolor. Retrieved June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 290 ( http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0088/0290.htm cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Russula amoenicolor. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula amoenicolor. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
- ↑ Grid map of Russula amoenicolor. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on September 1, 2012 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula amoenicolor. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Varieties of Russula amoenicolor . In: mtsn.tn.it . Retrieved on August 31, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Russula amoenicolor. (PDF DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 65 , accessed on August 16, 2011 (Spanish).
- ↑ Russula amoenicolor var. Stenocystidiata . In: Russulales News . Retrieved February 4, 2014.
- ↑ Russula amoenicolor var. Ramgarhensis. (No longer available online.) In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 18, 2011 (original Latin diagnosis). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula amoenicolor var. Fenoloviolascens. In: mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved August 18, 2011 (original Latin diagnosis).
- ↑ Edible mushrooms. In: List of the French Society for Mycology classified as edible mushrooms. www.pilzepilze.de, accessed on January 5, 2011 .
Web links
- Russula amoenicolor . In: Spore drawing after Romagnesi . CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- R. amoenicolor f. nigrosanguinea . In: Spore drawing after Romagnesi . CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- Photos of Russula amoenicolor . Russulales News. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- Russula amoenicolor. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on September 1, 2012 (Italian, many photos from the Brätlings-Täubling).
