Velvet blubber
| Velvet blubber | ||||||||||||
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The velvet blubber ( Russula amoena ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula amoena | ||||||||||||
| Quél. |
The velvet deafening ( Russula amoena ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . The blubber has a crimson to purple, matt, velvety hat and, at least in old age, a distinct smell of crab or herring. Another good macrochemical feature is the vivid purple to purple brown phenol reaction. Other names for this mushroom are Velvet Täubling and Beautiful Täubling .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 2–6 cm wide, convex when young, then spread out and often indented to slightly funnel-shaped in the middle. With age, the edge is spread out to slightly curved and cracked. In terms of color, the hat is very variable, mostly between carmine red and purple, but also red-brown, purple or with cloudy purple or green tones. At least initially, the hat skin is fine and matt. It's pretty easy to pull off.
The lamellae are pale cream to ocher yellow, rather narrow and brittle. They stand relatively crowded and are often forked directly on the handle. The lamellar sheaths can also be discolored pink.
The slender and cylindrically shaped stem is 3–6 cm long and 0.5–2 cm wide and often narrowed at the base. It is whitish, but mostly pink to lavender and lightly frosted. It is only very rarely whitish.
The meat is whitish and brittle and, at least with age, smells slightly like herring. The taste is mild. The spore powder is light cream in color.
Microscopic features
The broadly elliptical spores are 6–8 µm long and 6–7 µm wide. They are rather coarse black, crystallized to partially reticulate. The warts are up to 0.8 µm high. The cheilocystids on the lamellar edge are 40–80 (100) µm long and 6–7.5 µm wide. Pleurocystidia on the lamellar surfaces are 30–45 (55) µm long and 6–8 (10) µm wide and are usually very rare or absent. They are irregularly cylindrical in shape.
ecology
Like all pigeons, the velvet pigeon is a mycorrhizal fungus that forms a symbiosis with various deciduous trees and, more rarely, with conifers. He prefers oak , followed by red beech and spruce . It seldom enters into a partnership with firs , pines or other deciduous trees.
One finds the fungus especially in oak-hornbeam forests as Birch Stieleichen- and Luzulo-beech forests , but also in chestnut groves, clearings, along roadsides. He loves mild winter, sunny and in summer dry locations. The Täubling is found on very to moderately dry soils that should be low in bases and acidic. He prefers moderately nutrient-rich, predominantly shallow sandy or gravel soils over sandstones or primary rock rich in quartz.
The fruiting bodies appear from late June to October. The fungus is found in the hill and middle mountain regions.
distribution
The fungus is found in North Africa (Morocco) and Europe and possibly also in Asia (Japan). It is a meridional to temperate , oceanic to suboceanic species. This means that the deafblings occur more in the warmer, Atlantic-influenced, southwestern and western Europe.
In Germany, the Samttäubling seems to be quite rare in the north and east of Germany and only occurs sporadically in the west and south-west, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate and Baden-Württemberg.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The velvet pigeon is the type of sub-section Amoeninae , which is within the section Heterophyllae . The deafnesses of this subsection have reddish to violet colored, mostly velvety matt hats, which more rarely can also be greenish, brownish or yellowish in color. They taste mild and, at least in old age, smell like crabs or herring. Your spore powder is off-white.
meaning
The mushroom is edible, but should be spared in Germany as a rarity.
literature
- Russula amoena. Partial Russula Database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed September 6, 2011 .
- Russula amoena In: H. Romagnesi (1967) Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord at www.mycobank.org (French)
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Russula amoena. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved September 6, 2011 .
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 58 .
- ↑ a b Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 176 .
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 446.
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 290 ( http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0088/0290.htm cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]). Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Russula amoena. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
- ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula silvestris. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
- ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula amoena. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula amoena. Pilzoek database, accessed September 1, 2012 .
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula amoena. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
Web links
- Spores drawing by Romagnesi, (1967), under www.cbs.knaw.nl
- Russula amoena. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed June 1, 2014 (English, original Latin diagnosis). |
- Russula amoena. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on September 1, 2012 (Italian, many photos of the Samt-Täubling).
- Karin Monday: The velvet deaf (Russula amoena) in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved June 1, 2014 .
