Bream mackerel
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Bream Mackerel ( Brama brama ) |
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| ( Bonnaterre , 1788) |
The bream mackerel ( Brama brama ) is a fish from the sea bream family (Bramidae). There is also the name common bream mackerel .
features
Bream mackerel are on average 40 cm long, the maximum length is given as 100 cm. The heaviest bream mackerel caught weighed 6 kilograms, but the average weight of full-grown specimens should be closer to 2 kilograms. The fish can live up to nine years. Bream mackerel have a stocky, laterally flattened body. The fins are long and sickle-shaped, the caudal fin is forked. By setting up the pectoral fins, they can apparently stand motionless in the water. The strong scales (70 to 90 along the sideline) are gray, but are missing near the muzzle. The color of the scales in the area of the back can be greenish-brown or bluish. The silver sheen of the flanks and the belly is only intense in living specimens.
Occurrence
The habitat of the bream mackerel is the continental slope . They are oceanodromic migratory fish, which means that they only migrate in salt water. There they can be found in relatively small schools. They occur at depths of up to 1000 meters, young fish also at depths of less than 2700 meters. In the southern hemisphere up to 70 degrees south they can be found in all seas, in northern latitudes up to 65 degrees north only in the Atlantic Ocean . When the cold suddenly sets in, the fish can stray from their routes and are washed up on beaches. This happened, for example, between 1949 and 1955 and 1974 to 1976, December 2008 and December 2009 in the Netherlands.
Way of life
Bream mackerel feed on smaller fish such as the perch Emmelichytis nitidus nitidus , the lantern fish Lampanyctodes hectoris and salmon herring , as well as crabs , snails, cephalopods , amphipods and krill . Bream mackerel are eaten by common golden mackerel , fanfish , blue marlin , white marlin , long-snouted spearfish , swordfish , bluefin tuna and dogfish .
The spawning of the round soft unsegmented eggs takes place in deep water in the months of August and September.
Edible fish
As food fish, bream mackerel is sold both fresh and frozen. They can be fried, baked, deep-fried and smoked. The meat is described as "particularly firm", and different types of meat and vegetables are occasionally cut into the fillet. Fresh, they are of particular commercial importance in Spain. There they are caught off the west coast with hook cords whose hooks are 90 to 110 meters deep.
Bream mackerel is occasionally used as bait when fishing for swordfish.
Synonyms
The following synonymous scientific names, spellings and misspellings can be found for bream mackerel in scientific literature:
- Sparus brama , Bonnaterre , 1788
- Sparus dentatus , Berkenhout , 1788
- Lepidotus catalonicus , Asso , 1789
- Brama raji , Bloch & Schneider , 1801
- Sparus raji , ( Bloch & Schneider, 1801 )
- Brama raii , ( Bloch & Schneider, 1801 )
- Brama rayi , Bloch & Schneider, 1801
- Sparus castaneola , Lacépède , 1802
- Sparus niger , Turton , 1804
- Lepodus saragus , Rafinesque , 1810
- Brama marina , Fleming , 1828
- Brama chilensis , Guichenot , 1848
- Lepidotus chilensis , ( Guichenot, 1848 )
- Brama pinnasquamata , Couch , 1849
- Chatedon umbratus , Cabrera , Pérez & Haenseler, 1857
- Toxotes squamosus , Hutton , 1875
- Brama squamosa , ( Hutton, 1875 )
- Lepodus squamosus , ( Hutton, 1875 )
literature
- Fritz Terofal: Marine fish in European waters. Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-570-01270-0 , p. 112.
- Bent J. Muus, Jørgen Nielsen: The marine fish of Europe in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Atlantic. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07804-3 , p. 188, (revised edition of Muus / Dahlstrøhm's Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of Britain and North-Western Europe. ).
Web links
- Bream mackerel on Fishbase.org (English)
- Brama brama in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved November 18, 2015. (English)
- Brama brama at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marie-Louise Bauchot: Poissons Osseux. In: W. Fischer, ML Bauchot, M. Schneider (Eds.): Fiches FAO d'identification des Espèces pour les Besoins de la Pêche. Méditerranée et Mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37th revision 1. Volume 2: Vertébrés. Organization des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Rome 1987, pp. 891-1421, ( online ).
- ↑ Rodolfo Claro (ed.): Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba et al., Havanna et al. 1994, ISBN 968-6780-21-1 , pp. 55-70.
- ^ Bent J. Muus: Sea fish of the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the Atlantic (= BLV -bestungsbuch. 3). 4th edition. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich et al. 1978, ISBN 3-405-11861-1 .
- ↑ VF Savinykh, LV Vlasova: The length-age structure and growth rate of the Pacific pomfret, Brama japonica (Bramidae). In: Journal of Ichthyology. Vol. 34, No. 8, 1994, ISSN 0032-9452 , pp. 97-107.
- ↑ Antal Vida: 365 fish. Ullmann, Potsdam 2011, ISBN 978-3-8331-5962-6 , entry 241, (original: 365 Fish. 2006).
- ↑ Francisco Pérez-Alonso, Santiago P. Aubourg, Óscar Rodríguez, Jorge Barros-Velázquez: Shelf life extension of Atlantic pomfret (Brama brama) fillets by packaging under a vacuum-skin system. In: European Food Research and Technology. Vol. 218, No. 4, 2004, ISSN 1438-2377 , pp. 313-317, doi : 10.1007 / s00217-003-0831-z .
- ↑ Synonyms at FishBase (English).