Bremis water hose

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Bremis water hose
Expelling turions of Utricularia bremii

Expelling turions of Utricularia bremii

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Water hose family (Lentibulariaceae)
Genre : Water hoses ( Utricularia )
Type : Bremis water hose
Scientific name
Utricularia bremii
Army ex Koell.

Bremis water hose ( Utricularia bremii ), also dainty water hose , is a species of water hose ( Utricularia ) within the family of water hose plants (Lentibulariaceae). This aquatic plant species is a carnivorous plant .

description

The species is a rootless, occasionally free-floating, perennial hydrophyte , usually attached to the ground by shoots , the plant (with the exception of the flower) is completely under water. The underground shoots are 25 to 60 millimeters long, chlorophyll-free , have one to eight traps and extremely reduced leaves . The rungs in the water are up to sixty centimeters long. The numerous circular to egg-shaped leaves are up to two centimeters long and in three parts to the base. The individual sections are again divided into bifurcations 4 to 5 times. In total there are (9-) 12 to 25 (-50) linear end lobes per leaf. There are 1 to 7 (-10) tubes (catch bladder) per sheet. These are oval and 1 to 2 millimeters long.

The inflorescence is an upright, emergent, 5 to 42 (60) centimeter high, 2 to 14 flowered, loose raceme . The chalice is in two parts. The crown is golden yellow, two-lipped, 8 to 9 millimeters long, and about as long as it is wide. The upper lip is oval, and more or less as long as the brownish-red striped palate. The lower lip is rounded, 8 to 9 millimeters long and more or less flat. The spur is short and seen from the side about as long as it is wide. The 2 stamens are curved. Ripe fruits and seeds have never been observed.

The flowering period extends from July to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

ecology

The wintering of this hydrophyte takes place on the bottom or in the mud of the water by special spherical to oval winter buds (turions), which form on the shoot tips in autumn. In Utricularia bremii , the pollen is almost always malformed, capsules and seeds are not known. Like Utricularia ochroleuca and mostly Utricularia australis, the species seems to reproduce only vegetatively (it is probably also aneuploid).

Because of its late flowering time, which, similar to the southern water hose ( Utricularia australis ), rarely leads to the ripening of the seeds, the plant reproduces mainly vegetatively by dividing along the stem axis .

Similar species

Bremi's water hose cannot be clearly distinguished from the small water hose ( Utricularia minor ) vegetatively. However, Utricularia minor is smaller in all parts. The leaf sections are usually forked 2 to 3 times, a total of 7 to 22 end lobes are present per leaf. The inflorescence consists of 2 to 6 lemon-yellow flowers , these are usually longer than wide. The lower lip is oval and not more than 5 mm long; the side edges are turned down. The spur is very short and broader than long when viewed from the side. The capsule is small and spherical. The seeds are about 1 mm long.

In the common water hose ( Utricularia vulgaris ) and southern water hose ( Utricularia australis ), the end tips of the leaves are covered with fine, prickly teeth on the edge.

The middle water tube ( Utricularia intermedia ) and pale yellow water tube ( Utricularia ochroleuca ) always have their tubes and leaves on different shoots. The tubes on the leaves are used to catch plankton animals.

distribution

Bremi's water hose is considered a subatlantic floral element and is widespread in Europe, but is absent in the Mediterranean region, the Balkans, Sweden and Finland. In the north it stretches from Ireland to Denmark, in the south from France via northern Italy and Hungary to the upper Dniester region, where it reaches the eastern boundary. The main focus of their occurrence, however, are the regions of the Danube and Upper Rhine. The European distribution is not yet known in detail.

In Germany the species only exists in central Franconia in six ponds in the Aischgrund near Höchstadt an der Aisch , at one location in the Sebalder Reichswald and in Wehrda in Hesse. The Bavarian stocks were at times severely threatened and have since been stabilized by protective measures. Bremi's water hose is protected in Germany by the Federal Species Protection Ordinance.

In Switzerland, where it is on the red list, five locations are still known, in Austria it is found in Carinthia and Lower Austria.

Location and plant sociology

The plant prefers nutrient-poor, light, acidic waters. It occurs in the area of ​​flat and raised bogs in ponds (partly between Carex elata bulbs), in peat ponds and (intermediate bog) gullies as well as in peat ditches. It grows in clear, neutral to moderately acidic (mesotrophic), moderately nutrient-poor water, often over 5 to 20 centimeters deep flooded peat mud or sandy loam soils. It can withstand occasional drying out of the site, but the vitality of the stands often fluctuates greatly over the course of a year. The pH values ​​at the Swiss sites are between 7.4 and 8.7. The species is widespread in Switzerland from collin to montane (subalpine) at altitudes of 440 to 1555 meters (highest point near Crans in Valais).

Utricularia bremii is considered to be an association character of the Sphagno-Utricularion MÜLL. ET GÖRS 60 and probably comes especially in the Sparganietum minimi TX. 37, but similar to Utricularia minor it is also to be expected in other societies of the association (e.g. in Scorpidio Utricularietum minoris MÜLL. ET GÖRS 60), and it may also grow in societies of Scheuchzerietalia palustris NORDH. 36 and partly in the Caricetum elatae W. KOCH 26. It is often associated with Utricularia minor and z. T. associated with other species of the genus.

Systematics

Utricularia bremii Heer was formerly a variety or subspecies subsp. bremii (Heer) Nyman assigned to Utricularia minor , meanwhile Utricularia bremii is considered as a separate species. It can only be distinguished from Utricularia minor with certainty when it blooms, but both species do not bloom every year depending on their location. The ranges of variation of the vegetative features overlap strongly, a distinction is usually only possible statistically. The populations investigated so far are genetically little variable.

The species Utricularia bremii belongs to the section Utricularia from the genus Utricularia .

Hazards and protective measures

Since there are no reliable population figures or information on hazards for this species, the IUCN classifies this species as a data deficient (insufficient data basis). In the national red lists of the countries in its range, it is listed as Vulnerable to Critically Endangered (threatened with extinction).

literature

  • Johannes Marabini: Interim report on the ABSP implementation project “habitat network peat ponds and fens”. Erlangen-Höchstadt district and Middle Franconia Landscape Management Association, 2002, unpublished, ( full text online (PDF; 198 kB) ).
  • Johannes Marabini, Thomas Franke: Utricularia bremii Heer ex Koelliker, a misunderstood water hose species in Northern Bavaria. In: Reports of the Bavarian Botanical Society. Vol. 71, 2001, ISSN  0373-7640 , pp. 161-166 .
  • Peter Taylor : The Genus Utricularia. A Taxonomic Monograph (= Kew Bulletin. Additional Series. 14). Royal Botanic Gardens - Kew, London 1989, ISBN 0-947643-72-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Utricularia bremii at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ Utricularia bremii in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2013.2. Posted by: Lansdown, RV, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2014.

Web links

Commons : Bremis water hose ( Utricularia bremii )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files