Brycon orbignyanus

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Brycon orbignyanus
Systematics
Otophysa
Order : Tetras (Characiformes)
Family : Bryconidae
Subfamily : Bryconinae
Genre : Brycon
Type : Brycon orbignyanus
Scientific name
Brycon orbignyanus
( Valenciennes , 1855)

Brycon orbignyanus , in Portuguese Piracanjuba, Spanish. Salmón de Río belongs to the tetra-like (Characiformes) in South America . Other local names are Salmón Criollo, Pirá Pytá, Pira Pita or Pirapitanga. The name Brycon isborrowed from ancient Greek , where the word ebrykon, brykomai means something like bite or gnaw.

distribution

The occurrence of Brycon orbignyanus is limited to the catchment area of ​​the Rio Paraná , Río Uruguay and La Plata . in Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay and Uruguay It does not occur in the connected rivers Tietê , Rio Grande and Rio Paranapanema. B. orbignyanus lives in large and medium-sized rivers of the lowlands as well as lakes and lagoons that are connected to them.

description

With a body length of 80 centimeters, the female is much larger than the male, which can only reach a maximum of 60 centimeters. Females can weigh between eight and ten kilograms, males only up to about 3.5 kilograms. The largest specimen captured by fishing rod came from the Rio Paraná and weighed six kilograms and was 70 centimeters long. The body is elongated and streamlined to slightly high back in older specimens. The back side usually has a dark gray to blue-green color, while the fins are bright orange. The scales on the sides are very silvery. There is a characteristic black spot on the tail stalk. The gill opening is not entirely proportional to the small head.

Way of life

The species lives benthopelagic in rapidly flowing water and feeds mainly on fruits, remains of organic material, seeds and other parts of plants. Larger specimens show z. Sometimes a predatory behavior and eat small fish. The occurrence of B. orbignyanus is strongly linked to the existence of bank vegetation. Brycon orbignyanus has a pronounced migratory behavior. The spawning season usually takes place in the months of December to January. In the Río Uruguay they reach sexual maturity in the first or second year of life, in the Rio Paraná only in the second or third. The eggs with a diameter of 1.5 millimeters are laid near the edge of the stream. 16 hours after fertilization, the larvae begin to hatch at a water temperature of 26 ° C.

Endangerment status

Ecological and climatological factors as well as anthropogenic influences have almost led to the disappearance of the natural populations of Brycon orbignyanus . In the river basin of the Rio Paraná, in particular, the intensive construction of dams (and the associated interruption of spawning trails and fragmentation of habitats ), the reduction of riparian forests and overfishing contributed significantly to the decline in population. The larger migratory fish species such as fish are hardest hit. BB orbignyanus. The Brycon orbignyanus population is considered critically endangered. Due to hydraulic engineering measures, the flooding of the forests in the Paraná river valley, the original habitat of B. orbignyanus, has also decreased significantly.

Economical meaning

Because of its rapid growth and adaptability to a controlled system such as aquaculture, Brycon orbignyanus has caught the interest of fish farmers in terms of both increasing production and preserving wild-type stocks. Brycon orbignyanus is of great economic value. In addition to its role as a food fish, Brycon orbignyanus is also important as a sport fish for anglers.

Web links

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ from the Tupí language, means something like yellow-headed fish
  2. ↑ Across river salmon
  3. ↑ a b c Brycon orbignyanus on Fishbase.org (English)
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Genetic Variability of Brycon orbignyanus
  5. ↑ a b c d ICM Bio Piracanjuba Brycon orbignyanus
  6. ^ Fishing World Records - Brycon orbignyanus
  7. ↑ reophilic
  8. ^ A b N. M. Lopera-Barrero: Conservation of Brycon orbignyanus natural populations and stocks for their reproductive, genetic, environmental sustainability
  9. ↑ Another phenomenon is the transition from lotic to lentic habitats
  10. ↑ other strongly affected species are Pseudoplatystoma corruscans ( Pintado ), Zungaro zungaro ( Jaú ) and Salminus brasiliensis ( Dourado )
  11. ^ A b Growth, Lipogenesis and Body Composition of Piracanjuba