Pintado (fish)
| Pintado | ||||||||||||
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Wet specimen of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pseudoplatystoma corruscans | ||||||||||||
| ( Spix & Agassiz , 1829) |
The pintado or spotted sorubim catfish, engl. Giant Catfish or Spotted Sorubim, Port. Surubim Pintado, Caconete, Cambucu, Moleque, Pintado, Piracajiara or Piraquera, is the largest representative of the Pimelodidae.
Systematics
The genus Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker consists of three main species: P. fasciatum (Linnaeus), P. tigrinum (Valenciennes) and P. corruscans (Spix & Agassiz). Recently five more species have been discovered and described: P. punctifer (Castelnau), P. reticulatum (Eigenmann & Eigenmann), P. orinocoense n. Sp., P. metaense n. Sp. and P. magdaleniatum n. sp. These eight species form their own monophylogenetic group with two strains that differ in the anatomy of their skeleton. One strain ( P. tigrinum and P. metaense ) is geographically restricted to the catchment area of the Orinoco and the Amazon and the second with six species sympatric in the river basin of the Amazon, Orinoco, Guayana and Rio Paraná.
- Amazon: Pseudoplatystoma punctifer and P. tigrinum
- Orinoco: P. metaense and P. orinocoense
- Paraná: P. corruscans and P. reticulatum
- Rio Magdalena: Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum
- Guiana: Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum
Platystoma corruscans , Silurus macrocephalus or Sorubim caparary were synonyms for the pintado, which are no longer used today.
distribution
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans was not originally native to the Amazon basin, but comes from the Rio São Francisco in Brazil and in the hydrographic system of the Río de la Plata : Rio Paraná in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina . Dense populations have formed in the Iguaçu River , Río Uruguay , in the Araguaia and Tocantins rivers, as well as in the upper reaches of the Rio São Francisco and in the headwaters of the Rio Paraopeba in Minas Gerais . It can now be found in many tropical rivers in South America as a result of human occupation. However, due to overfishing, it is locally threatened with extinction in some natural waters. Little is known about its genetic variability.
morphology
The pintado has a robust leather-like skin, a very massive body and a wider head, which distinguishes it from other Platystoma species. The most important feature is its dotted drawing. The fins often show a reddish color.
Way of life
The pintado is sexually mature with a size of approx. 50 to 60 centimeters and can reach a length of up to 1.60 meters. The world record of a captured pintado is 150 kilograms and a length of 2.50 meters from the Rio Paraná in Argentina. The large nocturnal predatory catfish is a basic inhabitant and shows a potamodromic migration preservation. The Rogner migration cycle was examined in more detail in the Rio São Francisco and scientifically documented. The spawning season takes place mainly in estuaries from November to March. To spawn, the catfish specifically seeks out certain river regions in which the fry develop after they hatch. As a large predatory fish in the ecosystem of the Pantanal floodplain , it plays an important role at the top of the food chain. Its habitat are the deep river beds of large rivers, as well as river lagoons, lakes and flood plains during the rainy season . During the dry season, the catfish follows its schools of prey fish, whereby the barbel tetra ( Prochilodus lineatus ) is one of its most important food.
use
The pintado is one of the most important freshwater food fish in South America and is specifically reproduced in aquaculture. Due to its great economic importance, more efforts are being made to optimize the production process from rearing young fish to feeding the adult animals as required. Pintado fillets are now also available in German retail outlets. He also plays a major role as a sport fish.
Web links
- Photo of a captured pintado
- Genetic divergence between Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Paraná River Basin
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Pintado (fish) on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ http://www.pecescriollos.de/go/pseudoplatystoma-reticulatum
- ↑ Karyotype divergence among populations of giant catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Teleostei: Pimelodidae) indicates higher species diversity in archived copy ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Fishing World Records
- ↑ Migratory fish medium to long distances described in http://www.landwirtschaft-mlr.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/show/1116403/Fischartencharakterisierung_nach_Gilden.pdf
- ↑ Migration and spawning of female surubim ( Pseudoplatystoma corruscans , Pimelodidae) in the São Francisco river, Brazil in https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10641-006-9141-1
- ↑ "study indicate a strong tendency for fish of this species to utilize their natal nursery regions for reproduction, which represents the first demonstrated example of homing in a freshwater catfish in South America" in: Genetic structure of the migratory catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) suggests homing behavior. In: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00338.x/abstract
- ↑ Port. Curimbatá
- ↑ O surubim na aquacultura do Brasil in http://www.cbra.org.br/pages/publicacoes/rbra/download/RB141%20Crepaldi%20(O%20surubim%20na%20aquacultura)%20pag%20150-158.pdf
- ↑ http ://www.koestitäten.de/3735.html?&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2206&cHash= 1fb6371c7c73aff4a421bf2d2784d36e
