Bryophryne
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Bryophryne cophites in the moss with eggs |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Bryophryne | ||||||||||||
| Hedges , Duellman & Heinicke , 2008 |
Bryophryne is a genus of frogs from the Craugastoridae family . The genus was established in 2008 when the genus Phrynopus had to bedivided into several generadue to molecular genetic studies. Type species of the genus is Bryophryne cophites , formerly Phrynopus cophites . All species of this frog genus arenative tothe south of Peru .
features
Characteristic for the genus is a narrow head that never becomes as wide as the body. Six of the species described so far do not have a tympanic membrane , the corresponding cavity ( cavum tympanicum ) in the cranial bones of this region is also missing, as is the columella (ossicles). The males of most species also have no glottis and vocal sacs .
The first finger is shorter than the second, the third and fifth toes are the same length. The head-torso length is up to a maximum of 29.3 millimeters, so they are very small frogs. Their coloring consists of different shades of brown.
distribution and habitat
The genus is common in the cloud forests of the Peruvian Andean region. It occurs in the Cordillera Oriental in the province of Cusco at altitudes between 2900 and 4120 meters. From 4000 meters above sea level, the cloud forest is replaced by the grassy landscape of the Puna . Geographically, the distribution area of the genus Bryophryne is separated from that of the related genus Phrynopus , which is also native to Peru, by the deeply cut valley of the Río Apurímac .
Way of life
The genus Bryophryne belongs to the group of Terrarana , which are South and Central American frogs that undergo direct development on land without a tadpole stage in the water. The development up to the finished young frog takes place inside the egg.
species
In addition to the type species Bryophryne cophites and the species Bryophryne bustamantei , discovered in 2007, both of which were originally included in the genus Phrynopus , there are twelve other species newly discovered in recent years.
As of January 4, 2018
- Bryophryne abramalagae Lehr & Catenazzi, 2010
- Bryophryne bakersfield Chaparro, Padial, Gutiérrez & De la Riva, 2015
- Bryophryne bustamantei (Chaparro, De la Riva, Padial, Ochoa & Lehr, 2007)
- Bryophryne cophites (Lynch, 1975)
- Bryophryne flammiventris Lehr & Catenazzi, 2010
- Bryophryne gymnotis Lehr & Catenazzi, 2009
- Bryophryne hanssaueri Lehr & Catenazzi, 2009
- Bryophryne mancoinca Mamani, Catenazzi, Ttito & Chaparro, 2017
- Bryophryne nubilosus Lehr & Catenazzi, 2008
- Bryophryne phuyuhampatu Catenazzi, Ttito, Diaz & Shepack, 2017
- Bryophryne quellokunka De la Riva, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher & Padial, 2017
- Bryophryne tocra de la Riva, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher & Padial, 2017
- Bryophryne wilakunka De La Riva, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher & Padial, 2017
- Bryophryne zonalis Lehr & Catenazzi, 2009
Bryophryne bustamantei
Bryophryne gymnotis
Bryophryne hanssaueri
Bryophryne nubilosus
Bryophryne zonalis
Individual evidence
- ^ A b S. Blair Hedges, William E. Duellman, Matthew P. Heinicke: New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737, pp. 1-182, 2008
- ^ A b c Edgar Lehr & Alessandro Catenazzi: Two New Species of Bryophryne (Anura: Strabomantidae) from High Elevations in Southern Peru (Region of Cusco). Herpetologica, 66, 3, pp. 308-319, 2010 doi : 10.1655 / 09-038.1
- ^ A b c d Edgar Lehr & Alessandro Catenazzi: Three New Species of Bryophryne (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Region of Cusco, Peru . South American Journal of Herpetology, 4, 2, pp. 125-138, 2009 doi : 10.2994 / 057.004.0204
- ^ A b Edgar Lehr & Alessandro Catenazzi: A New Species of Bryophryne (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Southern Peru. Zootaxa 1784, pp. 1-10, 2008
- ^ A b Juan C. Chaparro, Ignacio De La Riva, José M. Padial, JA Ochoa & Edgar Lehr: A new species of Phrynopus from Departamento Cusco, southern Peru (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Zootaxa, 1618, pp. 61-68, 2007
- ↑ Juan C. Chaparro, José M. Padial, Roberto C. Gutiérrez & Ignacio De la Riva: A new species of Andean frog of the genus Bryophryne from southern Peru (Anura: Craugastoridae) and its phylogenetic position, with notes on the diversity of the genus. Zootaxa, 3994, 1, pp. 94-108, July 2015 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.3994.1.4
- ↑ L. Mamani, A. Catenazzi, A. Ttito, JC Chaparro: A new species of Bryophryne (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera de Vilcabamba, southeastern Peruvian Andes. Phyllomedusa 16, pp. 129-141, 2017
- ↑ Alessandro Catenazzi, A. Ttito, MI Diaz & A. Shepack: Bryophryne phuyuhampatu sp. n., a new species of Cusco Andes frog from the cloud forest of the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae). ZooKeys, 685, pp. 65-81
- ↑ a b c Ignacio De La Riva, Juan C. Chaparro, S. Castroviejo-Fisher & José M. Padial: Underestimated anuran radiations in the high Andes: five new species and a new genus of Holoadeninae, and their phylogenetic relationships (Anura: Craugastoridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 40, pp. 1-44, 2017
literature
- S. Blair Hedges, William E. Duellman, Matthew P. Heinicke: New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737, pp. 1–182, 2008 ISBN 978-1-86977-197-3 (first description, p. 99)
Web links
- Darrel R. Frost: Bryophryne Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 , Amphibian Species of the World, Version 6.0, an Online Reference, Electronic Database accessible at American Museum of Natural History , New York 1998-2015, accessed June 15, 2015 (English)
- Bryophryne cophites at ARKive (pictures)
- Bryophryne bustamantei at ARKive (pictures)