Budge Palace
The Budge-Palais is a classicist villa building by the architect Martin Haller at Harvestehuder Weg 12, corner of Milchstraße, in the Hamburg district of Rotherbaum in the Eimsbüttel district . It was built as a residential building in 1884 and later rebuilt several times. From 1903 it was inhabited by Henry (1840–1928) and Emma Budge (1852–1937). After a dubious purchase by the city of Hamburg, it was the seat of the Reichsstatthalterei from 1938 to 1945 under the Gauleiter Karl Kaufmann . The building has been used by the Hamburg University of Music and Theater (HfMT) since 1959 and has been expanded with modern architecture. In April 2011, following a request for restitution, an agreement was reached with the Budge heirs; the palace remains the property of the city.
history
Villa goose
The architect Martin Haller built the house in 1883/1884 for the ship broker Ivan Gans. It was a classicist two-story plastered building with about twenty rooms, a large entrance hall and a flight of stairs to the Alsterwiesen. The villa was equipped with water heating . The construction costs amounted to 150,000 marks. The building on the Milky Way, built in 1872 by the architect Wilhelm Hauers for the businessman August Fleischel, was included in the property as stables and the coach house. These were brick buildings with glazes that formed a gateway to a forecourt. The construction costs of this section are given as 30,000 marks.
Budge Palace
In 1900 Henry Budge, an American businessman of German origin, bought the villa and the park on the Alster foreland and had Haller rebuilt and expand it in stages in the following years. The houses Magdalenenstrasse 50 and Milchstrasse 11 were also bought. A spacious complex was created in a pronounced French neo-renaissance style with a strong influence of baroque forms, supplemented by Danish-classical influences. The property comprised coach houses, stable buildings, fruit and greenhouses, a flower hall and a tea pavilion on the banks of the Alster. The middle, two-storey wing and the two outer wings with bay windows have been visibly preserved from the original building of the house. On the Alster side, the building was expanded to include a semicircular central projectile with a porch in front, the attic was expanded and the side wings were given striking, steep round roofs. There was also an underground bowling alley with an elevator. The Budge couple moved into the house in 1903, and the total conversion to the Budge Palais lasted until 1913. The value of the property after completion is given as 2.5 million Reichsmarks.
“But many people in Hamburg called it the 'Badeanstalt' because it had so many bathrooms (20 as far as I remember). It was because budges came from America, where bathrooms have become essential necessities of people of good tone (...). "
In the years 1909/1910, Henry Budge had a historicist- style hall built on the back as a birthday present for his wife Emma, who was interested in art and which - furnished as a hall of mirrors - was used for private theater and music performances. The interior design by the Parisian interior decorators Lucien Alavoine & Cie in a rococo ambience was in the eyes of Martin Haller "a barren rubbish". It is known that artists such as Enrico Caruso , Paul Hindemith and Ottilie Metzger performed.
Henry Budge died on October 20, 1928. After a joint decree with his wife Emma, it was planned that the extensive commercial art collection that the couple had amassed since moving to Germany would be transferred to the Hamburg Museum of Art and Industry after the death of their last spouse . Emma Budge, who obtained power of attorney over the property after the death of her husband, expanded the intention to donate and in spring 1932 negotiated with the then State Councilor Leo Lippmann the establishment of another Emma Budge Foundation, after which the entire property on Harvestehuder Weg should become the property of the city and should be opened with its art treasures as a museum. After the National Socialists came to power , Emma Budge withdrew this offer in autumn 1933 and changed her will several times until its final version in November 1935.
“I see myself forced to this abolition and reorganization by the change (...) of the general economic and also political conditions in Germany, which make it seem absurd to me to allow a decree I ordered in favor of the city of Hamburg to continue to exist. "
She reacted to the uncertain political situation by appointing four executors in this last ruling, who were to make use of the house, the art collection and their property at their own discretion, but the estate should expressly not come under the control of the city of Hamburg. The executors were the banker Max Warburg , the lawyer Hermann Samson, and the Budge nephews Max Kronheimer and Ludwig Bernstein. In the event that these officers were to be canceled and someone else should be named, it was also decreed that someone of the Jewish faith had to be involved. Thirteen Jewish relatives were included in the will. As an American citizen, Emma Budge felt safe from direct persecution by the National Socialists. However, several members of her family were affected. Her nephew Siegfried Budge was released from the University of Frankfurt am Main in March 1933 . She invited him and his wife Ella to live with her in Hamburg.
Reich governorship
When Emma Budge died on February 14, 1937, some of the heirs had already emigrated, while others were preparing to emigrate. The executors offered the palace for sale, and in the autumn of 1937 the Reichsstatthalter and Gauleiter of the NSDAP, Karl Kaufmann, asserted the city of Hamburg's claim to the house. As early as 1935, a neighboring villa on property no. 10 - the former Villa Blohm - had been acquired as an administration building, so that the Budge property was seen as a welcome extension to a representative headquarters of the Reich Governor's Office. On December 11, 1937, the property, including the property and outbuildings, became the property of the City of Hamburg. The total price of 305,000 Reichsmarks was credited to the estate account at the MM Warburg bank .
The household effects, the collections, the paintings, the furniture and the dishes were brought to Berlin in five furniture vans and auctioned off there in two public auctions at the Paul Graupe auction house. The proceeds were around one million Reichsmarks. This money was also paid into a Sperrmark account. The budget estate also included other assets, particularly foreign securities and dollar balances. Overall, the inheritance is assumed to have a total value of 6 million Reichsmarks, most of which the National Socialist state took for itself in the following years by deposition of the executors, the heirs still living in Germany being prevented from emigrating and partly imprisoned, and apparently So much was legally collected through security orders, special taxes and levies that ultimately no payment amount remained. The Hamburg authorities appointed former tax advisor Emma Budges and auditor Gottfried Francke as the new administrator of the estate.
The last occupants of the villa, Henry Budge's nephew Siegfried Budge (1869–1941) and his wife Ella Budge (1875–1943), had to leave the house after the transfer of ownership, both of whom died during further persecution by the National Socialists. The house was expanded to become the residence of the Reich governor and a center of power for the Hamburg National Socialists. The villas on plots No. 10, formerly Villa Blohm, and No. 11, formerly the property of the Jewish interior designer Curt Piano and confiscated from him in 1939, were included in the complex as administrative wings and staff houses. On April 1, 1938, the conversion from a residential building to the official seat of the Reichsstatthalter was completed, the room layout was adapted for office purposes, the interior design was dominated by portraits of Hitler and those of other Nazi figures. The ceiling of the hall of mirrors was given an eagle with a swastika in its claws in each corner. As the headquarters of the Hamburg state administration, the complex housed the departments of the general administration, the consular department and the police department. The school and university department was housed in the house at Magdalenenstrasse 50. In 1939/40 Karl Kaufmann had a bunker built on the rear part of the property , which served as headquarters during the Second World War .
post war period
In May 1945, the entire complex was confiscated by British troops and initially used as a boarding house and temporary living quarters for officers and men. At times it was set up as a hospital . In 1946 the Westside Club , an officers' club with two bars and a lunchroom, moved in. English actors made guest appearances in the hall of mirrors. After all, the Budge Palais was used as a hotel for high-ranking British visitors to Hamburg. Forensic medicine was temporarily housed in house number 10 .
Located on the Alster part of the property beyond the Harvestehuder path was the occasion of the Federal Garden Show in public in 1953 Alsterpark included.
University of Music and Theater
The British returned the house to the city of Hamburg in 1956. Initially, the Hamburg University of Music (then the name of the HfMT) was temporarily housed; after further renovations, the official move took place in 1959. To expand it, the neighboring villas at Harvestehuder Weg 10 and 11 were demolished in 1960 and 1964, and extensions were built between 1969 and 1982 based on designs by the architect Fritz Trautwein (1911-1993).
In 1974 the artist Jan Meyer-Rogge created the sculpture Dreiklang made of light metal, which is installed in front of the former house number 11.
The hall of mirrors, which had previously been used for chamber music performances by the HfMT students, was demolished in 1980 to make space for a further extension and moved to the Museum of Art and Industry . There it was rebuilt true to the original in 1987 and has been used for concerts ever since.
restitution
The Budge estate was not closed by the administrator Gottfried Francke, who was appointed by the National Socialists, until the end of the war, despite regular warnings from the court. In 1949 the lawyers of the heirs living in the USA requested the Hamburg District Court to depose Francke as the acting executor. But this request was rejected and Francke remained in office despite his involvement with the National Socialists. As a result, the city of Hamburg was able to avert reimbursement proceedings in accordance with British standards and negotiate a settlement with Francke on the Harvestehuder Weg 12 property complex without the heirs being notified. In this settlement, the city agreed to pay an amount of 22,500 DM on top of the purchase price. The budget property was formally returned to the administrator on October 1, 1952, following a decision by the Restitution Chamber. On November 10, 1952, the same court ruled that the City of Hamburg could acquire the Budge-Palais, including the ancillary properties, for the price of 22,500 DM. The heirs of the Budge estate were not informed of this process either. The Hamburg Senator for Finance at the time, Walter Dudek, justified the procedure in August 1952 with urban planning:
“If the proceedings had been carried out, the Reparation Chamber would have ordered the restitution of the land. However, the return must be avoided because the city u. a. the Alster foreland needs for public purposes. "
The action of the city was thus legally secured, but the accusation remained that they left no stone unturned "to get away as cheaply as possible and to conceal or exploit the known injustice instead of taking on the legal and political responsibility for the reparation" .
In May 2010, the heirs again turned to the Hamburg Senate Chancellery through a lawyer to clarify the property issue at the Budge Palais and at the Hall of Mirrors. The tax authorities then examined the matter, as restitution would "interfere with the city's assets". The cultural authority, however, named the "moral responsibility". In April 2011 an agreement was reached, the city of Hamburg paid the heirs a sum, the amount of which was not stated, in return the heirs declared their claims to have been settled.
Commemoration
On the occasion of a memorial day on October 25, 1991, 50 years after the start of the deportations of Jewish citizens from Hamburg, the artist Dan Richter-Levin installed the bronze sculpture Stage of Remembrance in a connecting room between the old and new buildings .
On May 16, 1993, the old building of the music college was officially renamed Budge-Palais again and a bronze plaque was placed at the entrance to the Milky Way in memory of Henry and Emma Budge.
In summer 2007, two stumbling blocks were placed in the sidewalk in memory of Ella and Siegfried Budge . The inauguration of the memorial stones was carried out on May 26, 2008 in a festive event at the music college. On this occasion, the music college published a brochure together with the music student Livia Gleiß.
literature
- Livia Gleiß, Beatrix Borchard: The Budge family in Hamburg and their palace on the Alster: A Hamburg example of National Socialist injustice . Published by the Hamburg University of Music and Theater, 2008. A 51-page brochure
- Ulf Häder: Contributions from public institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany to dealing with cultural goods from former Jewish property . Coordination Center for the Loss of Cultural Property, Magdeburg 2001, ISBN 3-00-008868-7 , ( publications of the Coordination Center for the Loss of Cultural Property 1).
- Anja Heuss: Emma Budge's will ; in: Inka Bertz, Michael Dorrmann (eds.): Looted art and restitution. Jewish property from 1933 to the present day. Published on behalf of the Jewish Museum Berlin and the Jewish Museum Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-8353-0361-4 , (exhibition catalog for an exhibition of the same name in 2008/2009 at the Jewish Museum Berlin and the Jewish Museum Frankfurt) .
- Peter Kahn: The Budgehaus on Harvestehuder Weg. In Charlotte Ueckert-Hilbert ed .: Foreign in one's own city: Memories of Jewish emigrants from Hamburg . Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-88506-166-X , (Prof. Peter Kahn, USA, a great-nephew of Henry Budge, lived in the Budge-Palais during his childhood.)
- Günter Könke, Das Budge-Palais: The confiscation of Jewish assets and restitution in Hamburg . in The Jews in Hamburg 1590 to 1990 . Scientific contributions of the University of Hamburg to the exhibition "Four Hundred Years of Jews in Hamburg", ed. Arno Herzig in collaboration with Saskia Rohde, (The History of the Jews in Hamburg 1590 to 1990. Vol. 2.) Hamburg 1991, ISBN 3-926174-25-0 , pages 657 to 667.
- Silke Reuther, The Hall of Mirrors from the Budge Palais in Hamburg . In: Hamburg Key Documents on German-Jewish History, September 28, 2017. doi : 10.23691 / jgo: article-149.de.v1
- Eberhard Wiese: Here is paradise. Fates on Harvestehuder Weg. In: Eberhard von Wiese: Hamburg. People - destinies. Frankfurt 1967.
Web links
- For the history of the Budge-Palais on the website of the HfMT Hamburg
- From the memories of Peter Kahn
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hamburg and its buildings, taking into account the neighboring cities of Altona and Wandsbek. 1914. Volume 1, page 578
- ↑ Klaus Mühlfried: Architecture as an expression of political sentiment - Martin Haller and his work in Hamburg , dissertation, Hamburg 2005, page 184
- ^ Ralf Lange: Architekturführer Hamburg , Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-930698-58-7 also as a google book
- ^ Livia Gleiß: The Budge family in Hamburg and their Palais an der Alster , Hamburg 2008, p. 12
- ↑ Peter Kahn: The Budgehaus on Harvestehuder Weg . In Charlotte Ueckert-Hilbert ed .: Foreign in one's own city: Memories of Jewish emigrants from Hamburg . Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-88506-166-X , (Prof. Peter Kahn, USA, a great-nephew of Henry Budge, lived in the Budge-Palais during his childhood.)
- ↑ Das Budge-Palais , homepage of the University of Music and Theater , accessed on January 19, 2011
- ↑ Klaus Mühlfried: Architecture as an expression of political sentiment - Martin Haller and his work in Hamburg , dissertation, Hamburg 2005, page 183
- ^ Livia Gleiß: The Budge family in Hamburg and their Palais an der Alster , Hamburg 2008, p. 12
- ↑ Arno Herzig (Ed.): The Jews in Hamburg from 1590 to 1990. Scientific contributions from the University of Hamburg to the exhibition Four hundred years of Jews in Hamburg. Hamburg 1991, ISBN 3-926174-25-0 , p. 658
- ↑ quoted from Livia Gleiß: The Budge family in Hamburg and their Palais an der Alster , Hamburg 2008, p. 16
- ↑ Arno Herzig (Ed.): The Jews in Hamburg from 1590 to 1990. Hamburg 1991, p. 659
- ↑ Esther Tisa Francini and a .: Refugee property - looted property. The transfer of cultural goods in and via Switzerland 1933-1945 and the question of restitution. Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-0340-0601-2 , p. 192 f .; Ulf Häder: Contributions from public institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany to dealing with cultural goods from former Jewish property . Coordination Center for the Loss of Cultural Property, Magdeburg 2001, ISBN 3-00-008868-7 , ( Publications of the Coordination Center for the Loss of Cultural Property 1), p. 271
- ↑ hagalil.com hagalil.com: Two “stumbling blocks” in front of the Budge Palais, accessed on September 25, 2010
- ^ Frank Bajohr: Aryanization in Hamburg. The displacement of Jewish entrepreneurs 1933-1945 , Hamburg 1997, pp. 271 f., 293 f.
- ^ Website Unter Hamburg: “Built to be overlooked ...” , accessed on January 19, 2011
- ↑ Ronald Rossig: Hamburg's Bunker. Dark Worlds of the Hanseatic City, Ch. Links Verlag 2014, p. 28 f.
- ↑ Livia Gleiß: The Budge family in Hamburg and their palace on the Alster , Hamburg 2008, p. 23
- ↑ Arno Herzig (Ed.): The Jews in Hamburg from 1590 to 1990 , Hamburg 1991, p. 663 f.
- ↑ quoted from Arno Herzig (ed.): Die Juden in Hamburg from 1590 to 1990 , Hamburg 1991, p. 666
- ↑ Livia Gleiß: The Budge family in Hamburg and their palace on the Alster , Hamburg 2008, p. 23
- ↑ taz : Late Compensation , March 19, 2014, accessed on March 31, 2014.
- ↑ Livia Gleiß: The Budge family in Hamburg and their palace on the Alster , Hamburg 2008, p. 6
- ^ Stumbling blocks in Hamburg , accessed on January 20, 2010
- ↑ Livia Gleiß, Beatrix Borchard: The Budge family in Hamburg and their palace on the Alster: A Hamburg example of National Socialist injustice . Published by the Hamburg University of Music and Theater, 2008.
Coordinates: 53 ° 34 ′ 14 " N , 9 ° 59 ′ 56" E