Schraplau Castle
| Schraplau Castle | ||
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 Schraplau Castle, inner curtain wall with flanking tower |
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| Creation time : | around 900 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, location | |
| Conservation status: | Ruin, remains of walls, cellar corridor | |
| Standing position : | Nobles | |
| Place: | Shrapnel | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 26 '16.7 " N , 11 ° 40' 7.6" E | |
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The castle Schraplau is the ruins of a hilltop castle in Schraplau in Saalekreis in Saxony-Anhalt . The ruin is hardly accessible and little known. Only a few visible remains of the castle complex have been preserved.
history
The Thuringian place "Scrabanloh" already appears in the list of places in the Hersfeld Tithing Directory, which was created around 845 , which means something like scraping, scratching, tearing and grove, little wood, i.e. scraping forest. Schraplau was mentioned as "Scrabenlebaburg" in the list of castles in the Hersfeld Directory, which was made around 881. As a result, the castle was initially built as a ring wall and moat between 845 and 881 on the initiative of King Ludwig the German or his sons and was owned by the king. In 979 it appears as a fortified settlement under the name "Scroppenlevaburch". At this time the Altenburg, a spacious castle complex, will already have existed. A high earth wall with dry stone wall and a pre-moat have been preserved from this complex. The dry masonry shows the transition from the traditional pure earthwork to the stone construction. Further preliminary trenches were created in a subsequent expansion phase. During excavations it was found that the Altenburg was built and expanded as a large people's castle in the 9th to 10th centuries. Slavic finds were also made, but this is nothing unusual, since the Franks also settled Sorbs in vacant places west of the Saale. The remains of two staggered dry stone walls were discovered, which point to destruction and reconstruction in the course of their use.
In 10./11. In the 19th century the castle was owned by the imperial lords of Schraplau . The noble lords were very likely related to the Querfurt noble lords. In written records, a Thimo von Schraplau, as the ancestor, and an Egeloff von Schraplau appear. With Egeloff's death in 1196 the gender ceases. The castle of these Lords of Schraplau will no longer have encompassed the entire territory of the Volksburg, but was already a relatively small ministerial castle on the site of the later castle of the archbishops.
Around 1200 the archbishopric of Magdeburg was feudal lord . It built the Romanesque castle in the western part of the Altenburg, which is still in ruins today. The archbishopric awarded the fiefdom to the burgraves of Magdeburg from the Querfurt noble family. These appointed bailiffs to administer the rule. In 1242 a knight documents Rudolf von Schrapelo as a vassal of the burgrave. Since 1267 Burchard I. von Schraplau resided in the castle from a sideline of the noble lords of Querfurt . Burchard II of Schraplau "the Lappe" also called himself "burchgravius in scraplowe".
The close connection between the Schraplau counts and the noble lords of Querfurt and the archbishopric led in the 13th century. a significant expansion of the family's rule. She was able to acquire the rule Nebra , goods near Röblingen am See , tallow goods in Halle and part ownership in the rule Querfurt . Burchard III. von Schraplau even became Archbishop of Magdeburg in 1307 . As a militant church prince, he tried the power base. of the Archdiocese and regain lost rights. In a feud against the cities of Halle and Magdeburg , which had united against him, he was captured in 1325 and slain.
Burchard III. von Schraplau had gone into serious debt because of his feuds. His heirs therefore had to sell the Schraplau rule to the Counts of Mansfeld in 1335 . The Lords of Schraplau withdrew to their fiefdom in Wettin .
In the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was owned by various lines of the Counts of Mansfeld. In 1484 Ernst and Albrecht von Mansfeld repaired the medieval castle. When an inheritance was divided in 1501, the Schraplau rule was divided into two offices. Count Gebhard von Mansfeld-Mittelort received the upper office with the castle.
During the Schmalkaldic War in 1547 imperial soldiers took the castle and devastated it. Under Count Christoph I von Mansfeld-Mittelort (1520–91) a new castle-like building was built in the residence between 1574 and 1591. As recently as 1571, the castle was called "itzo desert enough in itself".
After the Schraplauer line Mansfeld died out, the rule went to the Counts of Mansfeld-Hinterort. In 1637 Count Johann Georg von Mansfeld-Vorderort moved his residence to the castle. In 1683, Countess Barbara Magdalene sold the Oberamt Schraplau to the Lords of Hake. She was the last man in Mansfeld to move out of the castle.
In 1713 the bailiff Sylvester Brachvogel removed the hood from the keep . Although a Prussian occupation of 22 men has been handed down for 1730, the structural condition of the complex seems to have been poor. Use as an archive and courtroom was last recorded in 1732. After that the castle deteriorated more and more. In 1736 it was already being used as a quarry.
Today the castle is on the site of several private properties. Only a few outer walls of the former complex can therefore be seen.
literature
- Felix Burkhardt: Schraplau. Contributions to the history of the town and rule Schraplau . Mansfeld home publisher Ernst Schneider, Eisleben 1935.
- J. Zuber: 1100 Years of Schraplau Contributions from the past and present of our city . City of Schraplau 1999.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christian Zschieschabg: The Hersfeld tithe directory and the early medieval border situation on the middle Saale. A study based on names, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2017, p. 101.