Schweinsburg Castle
| Pig castle | ||
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.jpg) Inner courtyard of the Schweinsburg |
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| Creation time : | around 1120 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Preserved essential parts | |
| Standing position : | Nobles | |
| Place: | Neukirchen | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 47 '15.1 " N , 12 ° 22' 41.6" E | |
| Height: | 250 m above sea level NN | |
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Today's Schweinsburg is a moated castle at about 250 m above sea level in Neukirchen in the Zwickau district in Saxony .
Remains of the medieval Crimmitschau Castle (this was its medieval name) can be clearly seen in the facility that was converted into a conference center in 1994. After the lords of Crimmitschau had gone out , the castle of Crimmitschau came into the possession of the Schönburgers who were related to them. This line of the Schönburgers was now named after Burg Crimmitschau Herren von Schönburg-Crimmitschau and had its headquarters here.
history
In the course of the East German colonization , the town and castle of Crimmitschau emerged in the second half of the 12th century . There is no documentary evidence for this, but the neighboring towns (1165–72 Waldenburg Castle , 1174 Meerane ) are mentioned for the first time at this time. An older Slavic settlement served as the basis for the settlement. The Lords of Crimmitschau , a noble family of unknown origin, were first mentioned in 1212 as guarantors for Otto IV . From the position they occupied, it can be inferred that they held the rule as an imperial fief. The Lords of Crimmitschau belonged to the leading families of the Pleißenland and repeatedly appointed the Pleissnian district judge.
In the northwest, at the same time as the rule of Crimmitschau, the rule of the Starkenbergs around Grünberg, Heyersdorf and Frankenhausen came into being. The bailiffs of Weida also colonized the territory and owned goods in Rudelswalde and Lauenhain, among others. The Schoenburg possessions extended to the southeast . The possibilities of expansion of the Crimmitschau rule were limited. In addition, it was located at the intersection of two colonization lines that pointed on the one hand from Thuringia via the Pleißenland into the Ore Mountains and on the other hand from Weida eastward into the forest area. This hindered the development of the rule significantly.
The construction of the medieval moated castle, which has been preserved in parts, dates back to the 13th century. In 1222 it was referred to as "vest huz cremascowe". The Lords of Crimmitschau died out as early as the 13th century. Günther von Crimmitschau entered the Teutonic Order in 1270–73 . The rule was taken over by the Schönburgers , who founded a sideline here. In 1322 Friedrich von Schönburg documented it at Crimmitschau Castle. When the Crimmitschau line of the Schönburgers also died out at the end of the 14th century, the Crimmitschau rule fell to the Wettins . In 1307 the Schönburgers had to recognize the feudal sovereignty of the Wettins for the rule of Crimmitschau. The castle served as the administrative center of the manor. In 1486 the name Schweinsburg was first used for the castle. Schweinsburg and Crimmitschau came to the Lords of Einsiedel in 1583 , who sold them in 1606.
In 1743 the ruined castle was converted into a baroque palace by the von Berbisdorf family . The owners Christian Friedrich and Friedrich Emil Robert Meinhold were members of the Saxon state parliament in the 19th century . From 1908 to 1911 the factory owner Carl Wolf rebuilt it in the neo-baroque style.
In 1945 the manor was expropriated and the bell tower (tower of the lower castle) was demolished. Since then, the historically valuable bell from the Harthau Chapel (today Lauenhain) has been lost. Between 1946 and 1989 the castle served as a party school for the KPD / SED , the structure of the building was considerably impaired; among other things, the house chapel was converted into a gymnasium with the loss of the historic altar.
In 1998 the castle was renovated and a hotel was set up in the lower castle. Guided tours are carried out on request by telephone.
literature
- Friedrich Emil Robert Meinhold: To the chronicle of the castle Schweinsburg. In: Archive for Saxon History, 2 (1864), p. 143 ff ( digitized version )
- Reinhard Albrecht: The Schönburgers at Crimmitschau Castle . In: Schönburgische Geschichtsblätter , Vol. 3 III. 3rd issue.
- Petri Albini: Annales of the city of Crimmitschau in Schöttgen - Kreysig diplomatic and curieuse review of the history of Upper Saxony, part 10 , Dresden and Leipzig 1733.
- Leipold: History of the East German colonization in the Vogtland .
- Walter Schlesinger: castles and castle districts . In: Von Land und Kultur , Ed .: Werner Emmerlich, 1937.
- Reinhard Albrecht: The rule of Crimmitschau Schönb. Histori. III p. 144 ff.
- Harm Wiemann: History of the Cistercian nunnery in Frankenhausen near Crimmitschau , 1938.
- Harm Wiemann: History of the Augustinian Monastery of St. Martin and the Karthauses . Crimmitschau Verlag Robert Raab, Crimmitschau 1941.
Web links
- Schweinsburg Castle
- Schweinsburg Castle in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony