Tepenec Castle
| Tepenec Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
| Alternative name (s): | Karlsburg, Twingenberg | |
| Creation time : | 1340 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Remains of walls, ramparts and ditches of the pre-fortification | |
| Place: | Jívová | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 42 '10 " N , 17 ° 21' 39" E | |
| Height: | 504 m nm | |
|
||
The Tepenec Castle , originally Twingenberg , popularly known as Karlsburg , was located between the villages of Domašov u Šternberka and Jívová on the Tepenec ( Rottberg , 504 m) in the Lower Jeseníky in the Czech Republic.
geography
The remains of the hilltop castle are located two and a half kilometers southwest of Jívová in the Domašovská vrchovina ( Domstadtler Upland ) above the mouth of the Jívovský potok in the Trusovický potok . The Koruna (573 m) rises to the northwest.
history
Archaeological investigations have revealed that there are ramparts of a late Bronze Age fortress at Tepenec, about which no further information is available.
Through the valley Bělkovické údolí des Trusovický potok, which was called Temenice in the Middle Ages , the trade route from Olomouc over the mountains to the province of Opava, traceable as Gywowska cesta since 1220, led . To protect this connection, which is part of the Amber Road, a watch festival was set up on the Rotiberg . Around 1270, the Rotiberg with the associated villages Bělkovice and Domašov nad Bystřicí belonged to the father of the Olomouc cathedral dean Budislaw. He gave the estate, inherited around 1290, to the Olomouc Church.
In 1340, Margrave Karl bought the Rotiberg from his step-uncle, Bishop Jan Volek , in order to build a margravial castle on it. The remaining part of the property with all subjects remained with the diocese. The castle, which was completed in 1346 and named after a Luxembourgish castle as Twingenberg , became a margravial administrative center and customs and market place. The German residents of the area soon named the castle Karlsburg after its founder . In 1349 Karl's brother Johann Heinrich took over Karlsburg as the new margrave . In 1371 he signed the castle over to his son Johann Sobieslaus . The castle was first identified as Tepenec in 1391. After Johann Sobieslaus was murdered, power struggles broke out between his brothers Margrave Jobst and Prokop , during which the castle was ruined at the end of the 14th century. In 1405 it was called desolate.
In a drawing in the forest map from 1724, Tepenec Castle is still shown in full. In addition to the natural decline, the quarry, which has been in operation on the Rottberg since the 19th century, accelerated the castle's decline. The greywacke obtained here was used for the sidewalks and pavement in Olomouc and as road gravel. The owner of the Dollein lordship , Philip Ludwig Count Saint-Genois d'Aneaucourt, had an obelisk called the Philip's pyramid erected on the Tepenec in 1825 and the Johannatempel , a replica of an ancient temple, named after his wife . In addition to various weapon remains, a dagger and a bronze chain were found in the rubble in 1833. In 1839 Gregor Wolny described that the foundation walls, the moat, well and courtyard were still clearly visible. The remains of the castle core fell victim to the quarry in the 1960s. Since almost the entire mountain has been dismantled, only the remains of the castle wall, the entrance gate and the pre-fortifications, as well as the moat carved into the rock and ramparts remain.
Structural systems
The castle core, which stood on a rocky slope and was surrounded by a two-meter-thick wall, had an area of 30 × 19 meters. The stepped outer bailey was surrounded by one and a half meter thick walls with fortifications measuring 15 × 12 meters. The complex was protected from the outside by bastions and an eight-meter-wide moat . The pre-fortifications extended up to 370 m in front of the outer bailey and extended over a width of 110 meters over the entire ridge of the Tepenec.
literature
- Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia. Described topographically, statistically and historically. Volume 5, Olomouc Circle, self-published, Brno 1839, p. 428 ( online )