Waldeck Castle (Black Forest)
| Waldeck castle ruins | ||
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| Creation time : | 1150 to 1250 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Count-like | |
| Construction: | Humpback block masonry | |
| Place: | Calw- Kohlerstal | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 40 ′ 20.3 " N , 8 ° 44 ′ 15" E | |
| Height: | 410 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Waldeck castle ruins are the ruins of a spur castle at 410 m above sea level. NN high rock spur above the Nagoldtal and the small town Kohlerstal near the town of Calw in the Calw district in Baden-Württemberg .
history
When this castle was built is unclear. An Ortwin von Waldeck is mentioned for the first time in 1140. The oldest remaining building remains do not date before 1200. The lords of Waldeck were of a “count-like” status and had acquired a more extensive territory in the course of the 13th century. Several awards of goods to monasteries testify to their prosperity. This is likely to have benefited not least from the exploitation of the nearby Neubulach silver mines . However, the influence of the Waldecker in the region seems to have become too strong, so that their liege lords , the Counts of Hohenberg , saw themselves compelled to besiege several Waldecker castles twice, in 1279 and 1284. The second siege took place with the support of the Habsburg King Rudolf von Habsburg and ended with the destruction of the castles. After the destruction, Albrecht von Hohenberg became the owner and rebuilt the castle. He appointed those von Waldeck as bailiffs, who secretly united with the Lords of Baden and defeated those von Hohenberg in 1287. Their victory made them noble-free. With the extinction of the von Waldeck lines in 1417 and 1553, the castle went to Württemberg. Several sources unanimously report five castles on a mountain ("quinque castra in uno monte"). This information has long been doubted. However, investigations in the run-up to the Waldeck ruins have shown that three other castles existed on the mountain spur to the west of it. Through the remains of humpback ashlar masonry , all three can be identified as 13th century structures. According to this, the sources of several castles on a mountain are correct. The missing fifth castle could be seen in a tower that stood separately on a boulder in front of the western castle. Several castles must have been rebuilt after the destruction. However, these were given up again in the 15th century at the latest and only the well-preserved ruins of Waldeck, which are known today, were expanded and inhabited until the 17th century. Presumably the facility was finally destroyed by French troops in 1688 in the Palatinate War of Succession .
description
Of the castles on the spur to the west of the Waldeck ruins, only the remains of the foundation wall, some of them as humpback blocks , have been preserved. The ruins themselves show the remains of a compact building on the central rock, consisting of a residential building and the keep . They were probably created after the destruction in 1284. Extensive external works can be assigned to several construction phases of the late Middle Ages and early modern times.
literature
- Timm Radt: The Waldeck Castle Group . In: Georg Ulrich Großmann: Research on castles and palaces. Volume 5. Castles and early palaces in Thuringia and its neighboring countries . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2000, pp. 115–128, ISBN 3-422-06263-7 .
Web links
- Waldeck Castle at capper-online.de
- 3D model of the spur system - study by the University of Karlsruhe ( Memento from October 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe, “Burgen des Deutschen Mittelalters- Grundriss-Lexikon”, Stürtz Verlag, 2000, Würzburg, ISBN 3-88189-360-1