Windeck Castle (Heidesheim)
| Windeck Castle | ||
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 Windeck Castle in Heidesheim |
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| Creation time : | around 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Preserved essential parts | |
| Standing position : | Nobles | |
| Place: | Heidesheim on the Rhine | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 59 ′ 45.5 " N , 8 ° 6 ′ 45.5" E | |
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The Burg Windeck is located in the center of the district Heidenheim on the Rhine of the city Ingelheim am Rhein in Rheinhessen Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate .
The Niederungsburg was built around 1209 by the knight Herdegen von Winternheim as a Romanesque refuge .
Windeck Castle is a small castle complex from the 13th century in the style of a tower castle with Gothic residential buildings. Windeck Castle originally seems to have been a moated castle with a moat ( moat ) and at least one curtain wall .
The castle is not open to the public and most of the renovation work has been completed.
The Lords of Winternheim and Lords of Winterau
Windeck Castle is in the north of the municipality, south of the train station. For centuries it stood on the northern edge of the village - hence its name Wintereck or Windeck. The popular opinion that the castle was built in or around the year 1209 needs to be corrected. Herdegen I. von Winternheim probably built the square defense tower in its center before 1150. The arbitration award from 1209, on the other hand, mentions the grounds and buildings that his son Herdegen II. Took away from the von Eberbach brothers in Heidesheim and on which he laid the wall and moat of his house . In 1209, it was about an expansion of the castle district; the castle itself was already there.
A note from the years 1211 to 1234 reports a further expansion of the castle area. Back then exchanged Herdegen - probably a son flock gene II and the third of that name -. (?) And his brother Embricho of Kloster Eberbach part of a vineyard one, on which they docked the ditch their castle . At that time at the latest, the Windeck should have looked something like the reconstructed Karl Bronner: in the center the square tower with entrance and wooden battlements at a height of eight meters, surrounded by an inner wall with a ditch and an outer wall, on which the Sülzbach or . the flood ditch flowed by. Residential and farm buildings stood between the walls. The core may only have served as refuge; this is supported by the tower's limited floor space and difficult access.
Whether the gentlemen from Winternheim came from Groß-Winternheim or from Klein-Winternheim must be reserved for future investigations. In 1235 they are first mentioned as Lords of Winterau and therefore by the name they subsequently carried. Father Hermann Bär has cautiously expressed the presumption, which has since been raised as a certainty, that the possession of the Lords of Winterau passed temporarily to the Lords of Leien before the middle of the 13th century via a daughter of the house. In doing so, he refers to a document with which the brothers Philipp, Friedrich and Heinrich von Leien ceded all rights to the Sandhof Kloster Eberbach for themselves and their heirs, which in turn waived all taxes it had levied on them and their father.
Hermann Bär and those who follow him can be countered with the following: First of all, the question is whether the document in question really reads milites in Leien and not rather an abbreviation over the i to milites in Leheim - at least that is a later note on the back the certificate. Then it is not stated which rights were actually involved. In any case, the Lords of Winterau had ceded the bailiwick rights that they held over nine and a half hooves of the Sandhof to the monks of Eberbach as early as 1209. Most of all, Herdegen III. von Winterau named as a witness in documents that were issued in 1242 and 1255.
The Lords of Winterau owned and lived in Windeck Castle from its beginnings before 1150 until the family died out in the second half of the 14th century. In 1326, Altmünster Monastery in Mainz enfeoffed it with its bailiwick in Heidesheim. In a judgment of April 12, 1372 Wilhelm von Scharpenstein are named as Vogt of the court of Heidesheim and as neighbors Wernher Selgen von Wynthirauwe . The family of the Lords of Winterau had died out.
The 15th to 20th centuries
Who Burg Windeck fell to after the death of the Lords of Winterau is in the dark. Perhaps it came to Altmünster Monastery, which it would have passed on to the Archbishop of Mainz Johann II of Nassau in 1414, together with a third of the Heidesheim court. In 1481 the archbishop of Heidesheim, Johann Langwert von Simmern, lived in the castle. His successor Heinrich von Stockheim had his own official residence built after 1577 with the castle mill. It is uncertain whether his successors will return to the castle. In any case, the Windeck remained in the possession of the electoral court chamber , the castle, the court estate and the eighth of the Heidesheim tithe belonging to them were lent to Samuel Becker, cellar master of the Martinsburg in Mainz, as inheritance in 1629 .
In the description of the parish of Heidesheim in the Dioecesis Moguntina written by Johann Sebastian Severus between 1667 and 1677, it says: “ On the edge of the village on the Rhine, one can also see the Burghaus zum Wintereck, which in 1626 Samuel Beck, head cellar master of Mainz, with forest, Meadows, fields and grain levies for 800 guilders for himself and his family and has now equipped with an attractive building and fruit trees. “Towards the end of the Thirty Years' War , the notorious equestrian general Johann von Werth is said to have lived temporarily in the Windeck. After 1650 it came to the barons of Bockenheim, who subsequently owned it on a long lease for around 150 years. The family was entitled to stalls and a burial in the parish church.
When the French occupied Kurmainz on October 21, 1793 , Windeck Castle was confiscated as an ecclesiastical and noble property. The von Bockenheim family emigrated to Austria. Only Katharina Elisabeth von Bockenheim stayed in Heidesheim, where she died in 1844 at the blessed age of 95. The Windeck was auctioned off or sold as state property between 1802 and 1803. The new owner was a citizen of Wackernheim by the name of Radicke. His widow passed the property on to the Mainz entrepreneurs Reinach and Popp, who ran a tannery there in the second quarter of the 19th century. The Krebs family acquired the Windeck in the 1860s. Otto Krebs ran a winery with an inn in her. From Christmas after 1908 the Protestant community held its services in the hall on the first floor. In 1984 the castle was still inhabited.
At the time of the Lords of Winterau, the outer ring wall of the castle encompassed an extensive area, to which the field names Hinter den Ziunen or Hinter den Fences and In der Zingel or In der Ringmauer bear testimony to this day. After the Thirty Years' War, the citizens of Heidesheim began to use this wall as a quarry and to tear it down. The map by Andreas Trauttner from 1754 shows the Windeck already in its current form: The originally open space between the tower and the inner circular wall is covered with a gable roof and thus used for a stately residential building that extends around the north, east and south-east Tower lays. The curtain wall has been laid down in the southwest and west, which means that the tower moves to the western edge of the building. Samuel Beck probably gave him this shape after 1626. The pointed arch portal and the large - format cross - frame windows in neo-Gothic style date back to the period after 1860, as does the room layout inside. The outbuildings, which show the cadastral plans from 1812 and 1841 to 1843, have disappeared.
When the municipality of Heidesheim acquired Windeck Castle in 1993, it was in a ruinous state. Since then, the community has made great efforts to restore the building to a handsome condition: first of all, it renewed the elaborate roof structure and then the entrance door and windows. She re-plastered the building, painted it in the Mainz red of the late Middle Ages and let the tower feast in its natural color. Finally, she built a staircase in the tower that safely leads to the former roof plateau with its impressive view. In their efforts for the Windeck, the community is tirelessly and enthusiastically supported by the Heimatmuseum Burg Windeck eV association. The maintenance of the still considerable property is taken care of by volunteers.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christian Rauch, Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Bingen, historical contributions by Fritz Herrmann, drawings by Ludwig Greb and Carl Bronner, Darmstadt 1934 (= Die Kunstdenkmäler im Volksstaat Hessen, Province Rheinhessen, Kreis Bingen) pp. 333–358 esp. 336 dates the building to the beginning of the 12th century . Karl Bronner, Residential Towers in the People's State of Hesse, Part 1: Rheinhessen, in: Mainzer Zeitschrift 28 (1933) pp. 27–40 especially p. 33 According to the Windeck is the oldest of the Hessian residential towers , without having to commit to a date .
- ↑ ... ut memoratus H <erdegenus> pro areis et edificiis, que fratribus de Eberbach in Heisensheim abstulerat, in quibus etiam murum et fossatum sue domus locarat, ... Karl Rossel, ed., Document book of the Eberbach abbey in Rheingau, vol 1 pp. 134-137 No. 68 especially p. 135; see. also Heinrich Meyer zu Ermgassen, arr., The Oculus Memorie a list of goods from 1211 from Eberbach Monastery in the Rheingau, Part 2: Edition, Wiesbaden 1984 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Nassau, Vol. 31) pp. 170-173 § 4 esp P. 171.
- ↑ Nos vero dedimus ice (i. E. Embricho et Herdegeno) particulam vinee, in qua fecerant fossatum castri sui. (Meyer zu Ermgassen II (see note 2) p. 183, § 56.
- ^ Bronner (see note 1) p. 34 with plate III.
- ^ Richard Dertsch, Die Urkunden des Stadtarchiv Mainz, Vol. 1, Mainz 1962 (= Contributions to the History of the City of Mainz, Vol. 20 Part 1) p. 34 No. 77.
- ^ P. Hermann Bär's Diplomatic History of the Eberbach Abbey in the Rheingau. On behalf of the Society for Nassau antiquity and historical research, ed. by Karl Rossel, vol. 2: Second Century from 1231–1331, Wiesbaden 1958, p. 101 with note 8.
- ↑ Ludwig Baur, Hrsg., Hessische Urkunden, Vol. 3: Rheinhessen 1326-1399, supplements to all 3 provinces 1133-1335, Darmstadt 1863 (new print Aalen 1979) p. 594 No. 594 f. No. 1527.
- ↑ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt, Best. A 2 No. 208/1.
- ↑ Karl Rossel, ed., Document book of the Eberbach abbey in Rheingau, vol. 1, Wiesbaden 1862, pp. 134-137 no. 68; see. also Baur III (see note 7) p. 403 ff. No. 1311.
- ↑ Karl Menzel and Wilhelm Sauer, eds., Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus, Nassauisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 1: The documents of the former Electoral Mainz area ..., edit. by Wilhelm Sauer, Wiesbaden 1886, p. 326 f. No. 500. There as Herdegenus de Heisinsheim .
- ^ Karl Rossel, ed., Document book of the Eberbach abbey in the Rheingau, vol. 2, pp. 57–60, no. 299; see. also ibid. p. 104 f. No. 340 and ibid. P. 107 f. No. 343.
- ^ Karl Anton Schaab , History of the City of Mainz, Vol. 3: The History of the Grand Ducal Hessian Rhine Province, 1st Department, Mainz 1847, p. 455.
- ^ Richard Dertsch, The documents of the Mainz City Archives, Regesten, vol. 3: 1365 to 1400, Mainz 1965 (= contributions to the history of the city of Mainz, vol. 20 part 3), p. 66 f. No. 1921.
- ↑ Ernst Krebs, on the history of Heidesheim, in: Männer-Gesang-Verein "Einigkeit", ed., Festschrift for the flag consecration combined with valuation singing on July 4th, 5th and 6th, 1925, Gau Algesheim o. J. (1925) , Pp. 5–33, esp. P. 28. The source has not yet been determined.
- ↑ See below: 4.1.5.1 The Castle Mill: The Lords of Winterau, von Stockheim and von der Leyen (1317–1793).
- ↑ Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden, Section 101 No. 627/1 (copy).
- ↑ Ubi et in fine oppidi versus Rhenum castrum - sive das Burghauss zum Wintereck - visitur, quod anno 1626 Samuel Beck cellarius primarius - Oberkeller zu Maintz - una cum sylva, pratis, agris pro 800 florenis cum censibus frumentitiis sibi et suis coemit et eleganti aedificio lignisque pomiferis exornavit hodie. (Johann Sebastian Severus, Dioecesis Moguntina, vol. III: Capitula ruralia Algesheim-Lohr, p. 3, in the Mainz City Archives Sign. HBA I 50).
- ↑ Bronnen (see note ??) p. 35.
- ↑ Emperor Matthias lifted on 30 September 1613 Regensburg Lautwein Bockenheimer and his descendants to nobility. A copy of the patent is kept in the Willi Geisenhof private archive in Heidesheim.
- ↑ On this and the following: Ernst Krebs, On the history of Heidesheim, in: Männer-Gesang-Verein "Einigkeit" Heidesheim, ed., Festschrift for the consecration of flags combined with valuation singing on July 4th, 5th and 6th, 1925, Gau-Algesheim o. J. (1925), pp. 5-33 especially pp. 26 f .; Willi Geisenhof, Windeck Castle in Heidesheim, in: Heimatjahrbuch Landkreis Mainz-Bingen 48 (2004) p. 87 ff.
- ↑ City Archives Mainz Sign. 4467 D.
- ↑ Dieter Krienke, edit., Mainz-Bingen district: Cities of Bingen and Ingelheim, Budenheim community, Gau-Algesheim, Heidesheim, Rhein-Nahe and Sprendlingen-Gensingen, Worms 2007 (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate, vol . 18.1), p. 314.