Burulori

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Burulori
Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Parrots (Psittaciformes)
Family : True parrots (Psittacidae)
Subfamily : Loris (Loriinae)
Genre : Zierloris ( Charmosyna )
Type : Burulori
Scientific name
Charmosyna toxopei
( Siebers , 1930)

The Burulori or Burolori ( Charmosyna toxopei ) is a rare species of parrot from the genus of the ornamental lory ( Charmosyna ). It is endemic to the Moluccan island of Buru . The type epithet honors its discoverer, the Dutch lepidopterologist Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus (1894–1951), who collected the first seven specimens in 1921 and 1922.

features

The burulori reaches a size of 16 cm. The wing length is 83 to 90 mm, the tail length 65 to 77 mm, the beak length 12 to 13 mm and the barrel length 11 to 12 mm. The top is green, the breast yellowish-green. The reins, cheeks and ear covers are bright green. The beak and legs are orange. The forehead is green with a light blue headband. A yellowish band runs on the inner flags of the inner hand wings. The underside of the tail is yellowish. The four outer control feathers have a red wedge-shaped spot on the basal half of the inner vane. In the female, the blue color on the forehead is weaker, whereas the band on the wings of the hand is more yellow. The immature birds are darker and more dull in color. The call of the burulori consists of a shrill ti ... ti ... ti ... ti ... ti-ti-ti .

Habitat and way of life

The food consists of nectar and pollen, which the Loris apparently collect from trees in the lowlands. According to an unchecked report, there was also an observation in a coconut plantation in southern Buru at sea level. The most recent observations of Charmosyna species on Buru come from plantations or from secondary and primary forests with selective logging at altitudes between 600 and 1300 m, while the type specimens were caught at altitudes between 850 and 1000 m. Anecdotal information obtained from interviews with local residents suggests that the Buru-Lori may be a resident of the lower mountainous region who in some years migrated to the coastal lowlands. The Burulori has been observed in pairs, more often groups of up to ten individuals are apparently formed. Furthermore, the interviews with the locals suggest that the Burulori migrates into the lowlands during the two hottest seasons, in March and April and between August and November. The flight is straight, but not fast. During the flight, the control springs are spread so that the red base spots can be seen. Nothing is known about its reproductive behavior.

status

The IUCN classifies the Burulori in the category " critically endangered ". There have been few sightings since its discovery in 1921, with only the last being officially documented by photos in 2014. Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus collected one adult male and one adult female from Nal'Besi in June 1921 . In February 1922 Toxopeus succeeded in catching a juvenile male and a juvenile female near Wa'Temun and Wa'Fehat . Three other specimens, a juvenile female, an adult female and an adult male, were shot between 1921 and 1922 and then preserved in alcohol. Thereafter, the species remained lost until the zoologist Fred Smiet reported a sighting in the Teluk Bara region on the north coast of Buru in November 1980. 1990 doubted Joseph Forshaw this observation, and said that the aforementioned Strike away of habitat (coastal gardens and plantations) more to the Schönlori ( Charmosyna placentis were true). Forshaw's remark, however, turned out to be a mistake, since the beautiful Lorikeet does not even appear on Buru and his information comes from an incorrect entry in a work by Adriaan Cornelis Valentin van Bemmel . In December 1989 there are said to have been observations of four specimens on the west side of Danau Rana, but these are not confirmed. Another sighting in the same period of two flocks of six or five birds each at Wafawel is also unconfirmed. In the 1990s, residents of Buru were questioned about the Burulori. Those who live on the west bank of the Danau Rana know the bird by the name "utu papua". They also stated that it feeds on the pollen and nectar of the tree blossoms and that it occurs most frequently in the mountains between their villages and the Danau Rana, not far from where Toxopeus had collected the type specimens in the 1920s . In late 1995 and 2011 there were two failed attempts to rediscover the burulori. The officially confirmed rediscovery took place in November 2014 when a team of bird watchers from the British ecotourism company BirdQuest managed to photograph two specimens for the first time. In December 2014, bird watcher James A. Eaton spotted four more specimens.

BirdLife International estimates the population at 70 to 400 specimens. The causes of the risk have so far hardly been researched. There are clearings that could endanger the habitat, but the vast mountain forests are largely undisturbed. Until 2000, the Burulori "endangered" stood in the IUCN category ( vulnerable ).

literature

  • Siebers, Hendrik Cornelis, 1930. Fauna Buruana, Aves. Treubia 7, Supplement 5: p. 165-303. (here pp. 252–255)
  • Juniper, Tony & Parr, Mike (1998) Parrots: A Guide to Parrots of the World , ISBN 0-300-07453-0 , pp. 251-252
  • Forshaw, Joseph M. & Knight, Frank (2006) Parrots of the World: An Identification Guide , 2006, p. 40
  • Nigel Collar: Family Psittacidae (Parrots). In: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, David A. Christie (Eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 4: Sandgrouse to Cuckoos. Lynx edicions, 1997, ISBN 978-84-87334-22-1 , p. 355.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Smiet, Fred: Notes on the field status and trade of Moluccan parrots Biological Conservation 34, 1985: 181-194
  2. ↑ a b c Jepson, Paul: Recent Ornithological Observations from Buru , Kukila 6, 1993: p. 85-109
  3. ^ Forshaw, JM: Parrots of the World . 3. Edition. Melbourne: Lansdowne, 1990.
  4. ↑ Bemmel, ACV van .: Ornithological Notes I-III , 1940. Treubia 17: 333-335.
  5. ↑ Marsden, SJ; Jones, MJ; Linsley, MD; Mead, C .; Hounsome, MV 1997. The conservation status of the restricted-range lowland birds of Buru, Indonesia. Bird Conservation International 7: 213-233.
  6. ↑ Collar, NJ, Andreev, AV, Chan, S., Crosby, MJ, Subramanya, S. and Tobias, JA: Threatened Birds of Asia - The BirdLife International Red Data Book , 2001
  7. ↑ Reeve, AH, Haryoko, T., Poulsen, MK, Fabre, P.-H. & Jønsson, KA (2014): New ornithological records from Buru and Seram, south Maluku, Indonesia, 1995–2012. Forktail 30: 10-22.
  8. ^ Robson, Craig (2014): Remote Eastern Indonesia, November 7-29, 2014. BirdQuest tour report. (PDF)