Real parrots

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Real parrots
Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao)

Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao )

Systematics
Sub-stem : Vertebrates (vertebrata)
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Parrots (Psittaciformes)
Family : Real parrots
Scientific name
Psittacidae
Illiger , 1811

The real parrots ( family Psittacidae) comprise most of the species of parrots ( order Psittaciformes). Usually all species are included in this family except for cockatoos . Recently, the New Zealand parrots have also been separated from the actual parrots as the Strigopidae family .

features

Actual parrots lack the pop-up hood that is characteristic of cockatoos. However, a number of parrots are able to set up their neck feathers. The color of the plumage varies greatly and ranges from plain, matt brown parrots to parrots that are very colorful. Many species have green, red, yellow and blue plumage. All real parrots have in common that they have the so-called "Dyck texture". This is a structural element of the spring branches, on which incident sunlight breaks. Powder down, on the other hand, is only available in rudimentary form or is completely absent. It also lacks the gallbladder and the carotid arteries are very simply built.

A number of species exhibit sexual dimorphism . In many species, however, it is only weakly pronounced. Usually only the females breed. Most of the species are cave breeders.

Systematics

According to Winkler, the real parrots together with the cockatoos (Cacatuidae) and the New Zealand Strigopidae form the order of the parrots (Psittaciformes). They are divided into seven subfamilies, three of which are in turn divided into tribes . Basal in the actual parrots is a clade from the arini (Arinae) and the Gray Parrot and poicephalus (subfamily Psittacinae) and the Vasa Parrots ( Coracopsis ) together with the New Guinea bristle head ( Psittrichas fulgidus ) a clade all other parrots as a sister group confronts .

The systematic position of the actual parrots and their internal system is illustrated by the following cladogram :

 Parrots (Psittaciformes)  

Strigopidae


   

Cockatoos (Cacatuidae)


 Psittacidae 


New World Parrots (Arinae)


   

Psittacinae ( African gray parrot and long-winged parrot )



   


Vasa Parrots (Coracopseinae) (Madagascar)


   

Bristle head (Psittrichasinae) (New Guinea)



   

Psittaculinae a. various small parrots


   

Loris (Loriinae), Platycercinae, Agapornithinae







In the following, the systematics of the actual parrots according to Winkler is reproduced.

As an alternative to this system, the Old World Parrots, with the exception of the African representatives, are also regarded as independent families (Psittaculidae) in the IOC World Bird List or all three main clades of the actual parrots are classified as independent families Psittacidae, Psittrichasiidae and Psittaculidae, within a superfamily Psittacoidea.

swell

  1. ^ Joseph M. Forshaw , illustrated by William T. Cooper: Australian Parrots. 1st German-language edition. Volume 1: Cockatoos and Lories. Arndt-Verlag, Bretten 2003, ISBN 978-3-9808245-1-4 . P. 248.
  2. ↑ a b David W. Winkler, Shawn M. Billerman, Irby J. Lovette: Bird Families of the World: A Guide to the Spectacular Diversity of Birds. Lynx Edicions, 2015, ISBN 978-84-941892-0-3 , pp. 264-267.
  3. ↑ a b c Leo Joseph, Alicia Toon, Erin E. Schirtzinger, Timothy F. Wright, Richard Schodde: A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes). In: Zootaxa. Volume 3205, 2012, pp. 26-40, ISSN  1175-5326 ( PDF file ).
  4. ^ African & New World Parrots and Old World Parrots in the IOC World Bird List

Web links

Commons : Real Parrots (Psittacidae)  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files