C1 ship
The C1 general cargo ship type , or simply C1 freighter , was a type of serial cargo ship that was built at various shipyards in the United States during World War II . The ship type was built from 1940 to 1945 in 173 units.
history
The C1 freighter, constructed in the late 1930s, came from the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM). The US authority MARCOM first presented a basic draft to the shipyards, shipbuilding engineers and shipping companies . With a number of suggestions for improvement, the finished design finally represented a relatively fast and in terms of bunker consumption economical type of ship with good ship stability , which could also be used as an auxiliary ship in the event of war. The standardization of the design and the built-in components made it possible to achieve a favorable construction price, which, in particular in connection with the state aid granted to the operator, could compete with comparable designs from other shipbuilding countries.
The basic designs C1-A and C1-B each had a length of a little over 125 meters, a width of 18.30 meters and a side height of 11.40 meters, whereby the B-type could be unloaded lower. The later added C1-M draft was intended for feeder traffic and therefore had smaller dimensions and a shallower draft .
The nautical equipment included a gyro compass . The various C1 ship types were powered by diesel engines or steam turbines .
During the Second World War , a large number of C1 freighters from the US Navy used. The C1 types were used as commercially used cargo ships until the 1970s.
Type overview
The C1 ships are divided into three main series: C1-A, C1-B and C1-M. The types C1-A and C1-B were based on an essentially identical design with superstructures slightly eighth amidships, the type C1-A being designed as a protective deck and the type C1-B as a full-decker . The type C1-M was actually its own design, it was smaller and had a superstructure attached aft.
C1-A
The basic design was a protective deck ship with a very lightly constructed open upper deck structure. The type manufactured from 1939 onwards was mostly powered by a 4,000 hp diesel engine. Some of the diesel-powered ships had two Nordberg Sulzer two-stroke engines , which magnetic couplings and reducer gearbox to the propeller worked. But nineteen C1-A ships with geared turbines were also built. A number of C1-A ships have been converted for use in the US Navy.
Pennsylvania Shipyards in Beaumont, Texas built 46 C1-A freighters, and another nineteen were built at the Pusey and Jones shipyard in Wilmington, Delaware.
The names of the C1-A freighters all began with " Cape ".
C1-B
The design of the type C1-B differed from the C1-A mainly in its construction as a full-decker with three decks, as well as in its better equipment with loading gear . The type manufactured from 1940 was mostly given a geared turbine drive. But ten C1-B ships with diesel engines were also built. The troop transporter C1-S-AY1, derived from the C1-B, was built for Great Britain using the lend-lease procedure, and some C1-B ships were also converted for use by the US Navy.
The type C1-B was built at six shipyards , the majority of which was built by the Consolidated Steel Corporation in Wilmington, California, the subtype C1-S-AY1 was built by the Albina Engine & Machine Works shipyard in Portland, Oregon.
The names of the C1-B freighters usually began with " Cape ", but some ships of certain shipping companies with other names were also built. The C1-S-AY1 troop transports were given two-part names that began with " Empire ".
C1-M
The C1-M type was a separate design for short-haul, coastal and island services. Overall, it had smaller dimensions and was designed for a shallower draft in order to be able to call at smaller moorings. Its superstructures were arranged aft.
The most commonly built subspecies of the C1-M was the C1-M-AV1, which was made with diesel or turbine propulsion. Around a quarter of the 215 C1-M-AV1 units built were laid down at the Consolidated Steel Corporation , the rest was built at nine other shipyards. About 65 C1-M-AV1 ships were built for use in the US Navy. The names of the C1-M-AV1 freighters were in two parts and ended with " Knot " or began with " Coastal ".
The Coastal Liberator of type C1-ME-AV6 remained a single ship . It had a 2200 HP diesel engine instead of a turbine.
The type C1-MT-BU1 twin-screw timber freighters were also built in just four units. They were given names by US states followed by the ending " Tree ".
Originally only one ship of the type C1-M-AV8 equipped with a controllable pitch propeller system was planned, but five more C1-M-AV1 ships were converted for use in France.
| Type | C1-A protective cover |
C1-B full-decker |
C1-M |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length over everything | 125.6 m | 127.3 m | 103.2 m |
| width | 18.3 m | 18.3 m | 15.2 m |
| Side height | 11.4 m | 11.4 m | 8.8 m |
| Draft | 7.2 m | 8.4 m | 5.5 m |
| Volume | 5028 GRT | 6750 GRT | 3805 GRT |
| Load capacity, geared turbine drive | 6240 tons | 7815 tons | - |
| Load capacity, diesel drive | 6440 tons | 8015 tons | 5032 tons |
| speed | 14 knots | 14 knots | 11 knots |
| power | 3000 kW | 3000 kW | 1300 kW |
literature
- Lane, Frederic Chapin: Ships for Victory: A History of Shipbuilding under the US Maritime Commission in World War II . Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 2001, ISBN 0-8018-6752-5 .
- Sawyer, LA; Mitchell, WH: From America to United States . The History of the long-range Merchant Shipbuilding Program of the United States Maritime Commission. World Ship Society, London 1981, ISBN 0-905617-12-6 (or ISBN 0-9056-1731-2 or ISBN 0-9056-1738-X ).
- Zuidhoek, Arne: Schip van de eeuw . De Liberty, Victory, C3 en alle verdere standardschepen onder nederlandse flag - WW II-standard ships flying the colors of the Netherlands. Uitgeverij de Fontein, Baarn 2001, ISBN 90-261-1743-4 .