T2 tanker
The type T2 tanker , or simply T2 tanker , was a series cargo ship type that was built at various shipyards in the United States during World War II .
history
The ship type was created from 1939 to 1945 in 525 units and four versions. The T2 was considered one of the best merchant ship designs at the time. Many of these ships remained in service for several years after the Second World War, but some with a new central nave section and new propulsion system. The Esso Manchester , ex Santiago , type T2-SE-A1 of the Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in Chester, Pennsylvania, built in 1944, remained in service almost unchanged until it was scrapped in 1963. In the first years of containerization in particular , a large number of T2 tankers were converted into container ships. Compared with conversions of other types of ships, the T2 conversions turned out to be very suitable.
T2 basic design
The basis of the T2 standard tanker were the two tankers Mobilfuel and Mobillube built in 1939 . The two ships built by the Bethlehem-Sparrows Point Shipyard in Maryland were powered by a steam turbine with 12,000 hp that acts on a single propeller . Six other ships of this type were built at the shipyard as civilian structures, but were taken over by the United States Navy after the attack on Pearl Harbor .
T2-A draft
The T2-A tanker type had larger dimensions and reached a higher maximum speed than the basic design.
T2-SE-A1
By far the most widely built T2 type was the T2-SE-A1 tanker, which was created from 1940 as a civilian design by the Sun Shipbuilding Company for the Standard Oil Company in New Jersey . A turbo-electric drive with 6000-shaft HP and a maximum output of 7240 HP was installed, which allowed a speed of 15 knots. After the attack on Pearl Harbor , the United States Maritime Commission ordered the construction of this type of ship in large numbers to ensure that the US warships were supplied. 481 ships of this type were sold by the Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding Company in Mobile (Alabama) , the Kaiser Company's Swan Island shipyard in Portland (Oregon) , Marinship Corp. in Sausalito , California and Sun Shipbuilding in Chester, Pennsylvania .
T2-SE-A2
The T2-SE-A2 version was built exclusively by the Marinship shipyard in Sausalito and was almost identical to the T2-SE-A1 version. The main difference was the more powerful drive with 10,000 instead of 7,240 hp.
T2-SE-A3
The T2-SE-A3 version was also built exclusively by the Marinship shipyard in Sausalito and was essentially identical to the T2-SE-A2 variant. The peculiarity of this version was the equipment as a marine tanker for the US Navy.
Technical specifications
| Technical data of the T2 tanker | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| execution | Shipyards | measurement | Load capacity | Length over everything | width | Draft | drive | power | speed |
| T2 | Bethlehem-Sparrows Point Shipyard | 10,221 GRT | 15,800 t | 152.86 m | 20.80 m | Steam turbine | 12,000 hp | 16.5 knots | |
| T2-A | Bethlehem-Sparrows Point Shipyard | 10,600 GRT | 16,300 t | 160.32 m | 20.80 m | Steam turbine | 12,000 hp | 16.5 knots | |
| T2-SE-A1 | Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding Company, Swan Island Werft, Marinship, Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company | 10,448 GRT | 16,300 t | 159.50 m | 20.80 m | turbo-electric | 7240 hp | 15 knots | |
| T2-SE-A2 | Marinship | 10,500 GRT | 16,300 t | 159.50 m | 20.80 m | turbo-electric | 10,000 hp | 16 knots | |
| T2-SE-A3 | Marinship | 10,500 GRT | 16,300 t | 159.50 m | 20.80 m | turbo-electric | 10,000 hp | 16 knots | |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schönknecht, Rolf; Laue, Uwe: ocean freighters of world shipping . tape 2 . transpress Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-344-00282-1 , p. 126 .
- ↑ ship data on Miramar Ship Index (English) ( Page no longer available , searching web archives ) Info: The link is automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ship data on Miramar Ship Index (English) ( Page no longer available , searching web archives ) Info: The link is automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
literature
- Lane, Frederic Chapin: Ships for Victory: A History of Shipbuilding under the US Maritime Commission in World War II . Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 2001, ISBN 978-0-8018-6752-1 .
- Standard tanker of the Second World War in: Die Seekiste 2/1951, p. 94/95
- Zuidhoek, Arne: Schip van de eeuw . De Liberty, Victory, C3 en alle verdere standardschepen onder nederlandse flag - WW II-standard ships flying the colors of the Netherlands. Uitgeverij de Fontein, Baarn 2001, ISBN 90-261-1743-4 .
- Tony Gibbons: The ships of the world , Bassermann Verlag 2007 ISBN 978-3-8094-2186-3 , page 161