Cahokia (people)

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Illinois residential and hunting grounds before 1700

The Cahokia belonged to the Illinois , a confederation of around twelve small Algonquin- speaking Indian tribes , who at the beginning of the 17th century were scattered over an area that included northern Illinois and parts of Missouri and Iowa . The tribe is now considered extinct.

The first mention of the Cahokia comes from the French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle on his second trip in 1682. Very little is known about the culture of the Cahokia; however, they were not descendants of the prehistoric inhabitants of the Cahokia Mounds . The ancient site near Collinsville , Illinois was named for the Indian tribe who lived here in the late seventeenth century. The Cahokia settled at the confluence of the Illinois River in the Mississippi River in what is now western Illinois when they were discovered by Jacques Marquettevisited in 1673. Around 1700 they moved south to the east bank of the Mississippi to the place where a Catholic mission school had been built in 1699, now the location of the city of Cahokia in Illinois. There was also a French trading post and Fort Cahokia with garrison. At this place they united with the Tamaroa , a closely related tribe from the Illinois Confederation, and lived in a total of around ninety huts. First estimates of the population were made by specifying huts or warriors, with around sixteen people living in one hut.

As early as 1701, the Tamaroa separated again from the Cahokia, who continued to live near the mission until they were relocated south by the French in 1734. Under the influence of diseases and alcohol abuse, the population decreased dramatically. There were also attacks by pro-British Indian tribes who destroyed their village in 1752. Eventually they sought refuge with their friends in Michigamea , who had suffered a similar fate. Both tribes were later incorporated by the Kaskaskia and recognized as a Kaskaskia tribe by the United States in 1803 . The Kaskaskia, in turn, allied with the Peoria and moved from Illinois to Kansas in the 1830s . Here they probably took in all survivors of other Illinois tribes. After they had also united with the Wea and Piankashaw in 1854 , they called themselves Confederated Peoria tribe (allied Peoria tribe). In 1867 they were assigned land in the northeast Indian territory. In 1889, 153 Peoria moved into the newly established reservation . It is unknown how many of them were descendants of the Cahokia. The state-recognized Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma had a total of 1,795 tribesmen in 2000.

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literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Cahokia . Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved October 6, 2016 .
  2. ^ A b Charles Callender: Handbook of North American Indians . Volume 15: Northeast, Illinois, pp.673-679
  3. ^ Census 2000, American Indian Tribes "Peoria". Retrieved October 7, 2016 .