Tamaroa (people)

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Illinois residential and hunting grounds before 1700

The Tamaroa belonged to the Illinois , a confederation of around twelve small Algonquin- speaking Indian tribes that were scattered over an area that included northern Illinois and parts of Missouri , Iowa and Arkansas at the beginning of the 17th century . Although little is known about the Tamaroa culture, it may have been similar to the way of life of the Kaskaskia , Peoria, and other Illinois tribes.

Around 1680 an estimated three thousand Tamaroa lived on both banks of the Mississippi , roughly between the mouth of the Illinois and Missouri Rivers . Then they moved near what is now the city of Cahokia in Illinois. Their village, called Tamaroa, comprised approximately 180 huts in 1682. First estimates of the population were made by specifying huts or warriors, with around sixteen people living in one hut. French Jesuits founded a Catholic mission nearby in 1699 . Attracted by the mission, the Cahokia , another tribe from the Illinois Confederation, also settled there the following year . Both tribes together only counted around ninety huts, which suggests a considerable loss of population during this period.

Around 1703 the Tamaroa united with the Kaskaskia at the mouth of the Kaskaskia River in what is now Illinois. They lived there near the French settlement of Kaskaskia and suffered from European diseases against which they could not develop any resistance. In addition, there were wars against hostile tribes such as the Chickasaw and Shawnee , and widespread alcoholism , so that their population continued to shrink dramatically. In 1803 the surviving Tamaroa were federally recognized by the US government together with the Kaskaskia as Kaskaskia tribe . In the 1830s, they joined the Peoria and moved to what is now Kansas . Together they became members of the Confederated Peoria Tribe in 1867 and were assigned land in the northeast Indian Territory , now Ottawa County, Oklahoma . In 1889 157 Peoria, including an unknown number at Tamaroa, moved to their new reservation .

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Charles Callender: Handbook of North American Indians . Volume 15: Northeast, Illinois, pp.673-679
  2. a b Tamaroa . Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved October 15, 2016 .