Calameae
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| Kunth ex Lecoq & Juill. |
The Calameae are a tribe of the palm family (Arecaceae). It includes the climbing palm trees known as rattan.
features
The representatives are tree-shaped, trunkless or climbing palms. They are predominantly dioecious , they bloom once ( hapaxanth ) or several times (pleonanth). The leaves are pinnate, prickly, with the spines arranged regularly or almost regularly in whorls .
The seeds usually have a sarcotesta . The pollen usually has two openings for germs (diaperturate).
distribution
The representatives occur in the tropical and subtropical areas of the Old World: Africa, Asia, and Australia.
Systematics
The tribe Calameae is placed within the palm family in the subfamily Calamoideae . The tribes as defined by Dransfield et al. (2008) are identified as natural relatives ( Monophylum ) in most studies . Their sister group are the Lepidocaryeae .
The tribe is divided into six sub-tribes, the relationships between the first four mentioned are insufficiently known, although they are morphologically very similar:
Subtribe Korthalsiinae
There are climbing, hermaphrodite and hapaxanthic palms. The trunks branch out. The leaves have tendrils without acanthophylls .
Subtribe Salaccinae
The representatives are stemless, dioecious, hapaxanthe or pleonanthe palms. The cover leaf of the inflorescence tears abaxially or adaxially. They occur in Southeast Asia and West Malesia .
Subtribe Metroxylinae
The only genus consists of tree-shaped, mostly hapaxanthene palms. The inflorescence is partially fused with the internode.
Subtribus Pigafettinae
The only genus consists of diocesan tree palms that bloom several times. The flower-bearing inflorescence axes (rachillae) are slender and have greatly reduced bracts. The male flowers are in pairs, the female individually.
Subtribe Plectocomiinae
The representatives are climbing, diocesan and hapaxanthe palms. The leaves have tendrils without acanthophylls. The inflorescence is fused with the internode. The three genera are closely related and occur in the tropics of Asia. Compared to the calaminae, they lack a knee in the leaf sheath.
Subtribe calaminae
The representatives of the Calaminae are climbing or stemless, diocese, mostly multi-flowering palms. If the leaves have tendrils, then without acanthophylls. The inflorescence is fused with the internode and the leaf sheath. The leaf sheath usually has a knee-like swelling below the base of the petiole. The anthers are dorsifix. The subtribe contains most of the climbing palms found in Southeast Asia and Malesia, as well as the economically most important rattan palms.
supporting documents
- John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms . Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2 , pp. 166ff.
