Carl Dornes

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Carl Dornes , also: Karl (born June 23, 1906 in Michelbach ; † January 11, 1980 in Heidelberg ) was a German lawyer , administrative officer and politician ( FDP / DVP ).

Life

After graduating from high school, Dornes studied law . According to the historian and political scientist Michael Ruck , Dornes was one of the "most active members" of the NSDStB in Heidelberg in the 1920s . Ruck sees the resignation from the NSDStB in 1930 in connection with the beginning of the civil service career of Dornes. On the other hand, Dornes maintained a certain distance from the Nazi regime until 1940 and even temporarily resigned from civil service in 1938. Only after joining the NSDAP in 1940 did Dornes get a permanent position in the civil service.

From October 1940 to February 1942 he was general representative for the Jewish property in Baden . In this capacity, he managed and sold the assets of the Jews who had been "evacuated" from Baden up to October 1940 with a total value of 60 million Reichsmarks (see the following subsection). He then worked as a personnel officer in the Baden Ministry of the Interior, most recently as a senior government councilor.

Dornes was first dismissed from administrative service in 1945, but was then classified as "exonerated". Nevertheless, he turned his back on administrative work and subsequently worked as a lawyer. In 1947 he wrote the memorandum worth knowing about the Baden state administration before and after 1933 with regard to the current dismissals of civil servants.

After 1945, Dornes joined the Democratic People's Party (DVP), which in 1948 became the regional association of the FDP in Württemberg-Baden and in 1952 became part of the regional association of the FDP / DVP in Baden-Württemberg . From 1950 to 1952 he was a member of the state parliament of Württemberg-Baden . From 1952 to 1953 he was a member of the state constitutional assembly and then until 1956 a member of the Baden-Württemberg state parliament . His candidacy as regional president of North Baden was prevented in 1963 by an exchange of letters between the President of the Federal Constitutional Court Gebhard Müller and the Baden-Württemberg Minister of the Interior, Hans Filbinger .

General representative for the exploitation of Jewish assets in Baden

On October 22, 1940, 6,500 Jewish residents of Baden and the Saar Palatinate were forcibly relocated to Gurs in the Pyrenees, France, in a night and fog action . The deportation came as a complete surprise for those affected, as well as for the French Vichy government . According to the historian Andrea Brucher-Lembach, the Baden Gauleiter Robert Wagner was the "initiator of the deportation". For Baden, Wagner ordered the assets of the deportees to be confiscated by the Baden Ministry of the Interior. To this end, Wagner appointed the government councilor Carl Dornes as "general representative". Ad hoc, so-called "departments for Jewish property" were formed at the police administrations of the district offices or police headquarters, which recorded the property of the deportees, sealed the apartments, compiled inventory lists and organized auctions. In official German, the designation VVjV (administration and exploitation of Jewish assets) was used.

In administrative practice, according to the historian Christoph Raichle, Dornes did not use the scope available to mitigate the fate of the deportees. Dornes treated the forwarding of winter clothing, which was urgently needed by the deportees in Gurs, in a "dilatory" manner, even though he had a large stock until the SS finally classified forwarding as allegedly no longer necessary in March 1941. Overall, the focus of the Dornes administration was on the meticulous recording of the confiscated assets for the benefit of the state. Raichle uses case studies to highlight the administration's "bureaucratic contempt for human beings". Regardless of this, there was also personal enrichment by members of the Dornes administration, who, as buyers, acquired items from the stolen property on extremely favorable terms. The head of the "Department for Jewish Assets" at the Rastatt District Office, Hah, compared the purchasing behavior of the officials involved with the behavior of "hyenas who attack a carrion" in November 1940. In general, there were irregularities and signs of corruption at the auctions, where there was a strong rush of the local population.

The historian Robert Neisen comes to a partially different result: according to this, the "strict orientation of the senior civil servants to laws and formal rules [...] occasionally even came into effect in favor of the victims". This was shown by the "conduct of Carl Dornes", who managed the confiscated property of the deportees "reliably and conscientiously"; "At the request" of the head of the Baden district office of the Reich Association of Jews , Karl Eisemann , Dornes made sure "that the passports of deportees [...] were sent to Gurs". On the other hand, Dornes also expropriated land "in which Jews were co-owners who had escaped deportation. Dornes justified this with the" public interest in the compulsory dejudication "of the land in question.

literature

  • Andrea Brucher-Lembach:… like dogs on a piece of bread. Aryanization and the attempt to make amends in Freiburg, Bremgarten 2004.
  • Landtag of Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): MdL, The Members of the Landtag in Baden-Württemberg 1946–1978. Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-12-911930-2 , p. 108.
  • Robert Neisen: The Baden Ministry of the Interior, in: Frank Engehausen, Sylvia Paletschek u. Wolfram Pyta (ed.): The Baden and Württemberg state ministries in the time of National Socialism, Volume I, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2019, pp. 77–194.
  • Christoph Raichle: The financial administration in Baden and Württemberg under National Socialism . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2019 (Chapters E1 and E2, pp. 695-752).
  • Dornes, Carl . In: Martin Schumacher (Ed.): MdB - The People's Representation 1946–1972. - [Daecke bis Dziekan] (=  KGParl online publications ). Commission for the History of Parliamentarism and Political Parties e. V., Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-00-020703-7 , pp. 233–234 , urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-2014070812574 ( kgparl.de [PDF; 212 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2017]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Michael Ruck: Corps spirit and state consciousness. Civil servants in the south-west of Germany from 1928 to 1972 . Munich 1996, p. 236 .
  2. Andrea Brucher-Lembach: ... like dogs on a piece of bread . 2004, p. 113 .
  3. Siefert, Katharina: Guidelines for the "accelerated clearance of Jewish apartments". The recovery of Jewish assets in Baden and a wooden box in the Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe . In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine . tape 167 , 2019, pp. 391-399 .
  4. Christoph Raichle: The financial administration in Baden and Württemberg under National Socialism . 2019, p. 702-710 .
  5. Christoph Raichle: The financial administration in Baden and Württemberg under National Socialism . 2019, p. 711-715 .
  6. Christoph Raichle: The financial administration in Baden and Württemberg under National Socialism . 2019, p. 722 ff .
  7. Christoph Raichle: The financial administration in Baden and Württemberg under National Socialism . 2019, p. 724-742 .
  8. Christoph Raichle: The financial administration in Baden and Württemberg under National Socialism . 2019, p. 743 f .
  9. Christoph Raichle: The financial administration in Baden and Württemberg under National Socialism . 2019, p. 744-753 .
  10. ^ Robert Neisen: The Baden Ministry of the Interior . In: Frank Engehausen u. a. (Ed.): The Baden and Württemberg state ministries in the time of National Socialism . Volume I. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2019, p. 140 u. 161 .