Karl Eduard Hammerschmidt

Dor.Carl E. Hammerschmidt, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber , 1836.

Karl Eduard Hammerschmidt (later Abdullah Bey ) (born June 12, 1801 in Vienna ; † August 30, 1874 in Asia Minor ) was an Austrian mineralogist, entomologist and doctor.

Life

Hammerschmidt studied law, but could not get into law. Although already known as the editor of the Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung and as an entomologist , he still enrolled as a student of medicine. He carried out numerous ether anesthesia and as early as 1847 pointed out the advantages of ether over chloroform .

Involved in the uprising of 1848 , he had to flee, joined the Hungarian army, last fought under the Polish general Józef Bem in Transylvania and was pushed across the Turkish border with many fellow sufferers.

Austria's complaints displaced him from his position as a teacher at the medical school in Constantinople, which he soon won.

He was then employed as a hospital doctor in Damascus for several years, served as a doctor in the Crimean War , was Turkish commissioner during the Vienna exhibition and, since 1873, teacher of mineralogy and zoology at the medical school in Constantinople, for which he founded a natural history museum. He was a co-founder of the Turkish Red Crescent .

In addition to zoological and geological textbooks in Turkish, H. made valuable contributions to the geological and zoological knowledge of the Bosporus regions . He died on August 30, 1874 while geological investigation of a new railway line in Asia Minor.

Hammerschmidt was a member of the Royal Entomological Society of London . From 1833 he was also a member of the Leopoldina , from 1871 a member of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists .

On the occasion of the 140th anniversary of the founding of the Red Crescent, the Islamic Technical School for Social Education in Vienna was also named the Abdullah Karl Hammerschmidt School.

Works

• Description of a new Mexican butterfly (Cossus) Redtenbacheri Hmrschdt., The development of which was observed in Vienna. With 1 lith. Blackboard. Vienna 1847.
• Helminthological contributions, description of some new oxyuris species discovered in insects. Vienna 1847.
• Description of some Oxyuris species. In: Scientific treatises. 1 (1847).

literature

• Kinzelbach, Ragnar (2013): The bird collection Karl Eduard Hammerschmidt and lost parts of the collection of Duke Paul Wilhelm, Prince of Württemberg, at the grammar school at the Kaiserdom zu Speyer and in the zoological collection of the University of Rostock. Vogelwarte 51, (Issue 2): 81–96. Available as a PDF document .
• Feza Günergun , Celâl Şengör : An Austrian refugee founds the geology in Turkey: Dr. jur. Dr. med. Karl Eduard Hammerschmidt / Abdullah (1800? -1874). In: Reports of the Federal Geological Institute. Volume 89, Vienna 2011, pp. 13-19. Available as a PDF document .
• Alois Kernbauer, Werner F. List, Thomas Kenner : Karl E. Hammerschmidt. Humanist, natural scientist and anesthesia pioneer. In: The anesthesiologist. (1998) 1, pp. 65-70.
• Negotiations of the 5th Symposium on Austrian - Turkish Medical Relations: On the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the death of the co-founder of the Turkish Crescent Dr. Abdullah Bey and the 150th year of death of the creator of the Galatasaray Medical School Dr. KA Bernard. (V. Türk - Avusturya Tibbî İlişkileri Simpozyumu bildirileri: 5 Ekim 1994, Çarşamba; Kızılay'ın Kurucularından Miralay Dr. Abdullah Bey'in Ölümünün 120. yıldönümü ile Galatasaray'da Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-indan Dr. 'in Ölümünün 150. yıldönümü anısına düzenlenen yayınlayanlar Arslan Terzioğlu). Türk Avusturya Tıbbî İlişkileri Simpozyumu 5, 1994. Istanbul, 1995.
• Hammerschmidt Karl Eduard (Abdullah-Bey). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1959, p. 170.
• Constantin von Wurzbach : Hammerschmidt, Karl Eduard . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 7th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1861, p. 290 f. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

• Dr. Abdullah Bey - The Austrian who asked Turkey for asylum ... updated on Forum ROMANUM.