Caudanthera
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The plant genus Caudanthera belongs to the subfamily of the silk plants (Asclepiadoideae) in the family of the dog poison plants (Apocynaceae). This genus contains four succulent species.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Caudanthera species grow as trunk succulent perennials . The succulent, 0.5 to 1 cm wide, blue-green to light green, cylindrical shoot axes are smooth, have four rounded edges and reach heights of 10 to 60 cm. They contain clear milky juice . The roots are fibrous. Caudanthera edulis forms rhizomes .
The succulent leaves, which are reduced to 0.5 to 1.2 cm long, egg-shaped scales, fall off early. The stipules are transformed into egg-shaped glands.
Inflorescences and flowers
At the internodes, along the upper part of the stem axis, there are many simple, pseudo-gold inflorescences with one to five flowers each. The odorless (exception among the related genera) flowers are hermaphroditic, radial symmetry , five-fold with a double perianth . The five free sepals are about as long as the corolla tube and smooth on the underside. The five 4 to 8 mm long, non-fleshy petals are flat to bell-shaped only at their base or between one and half of their length fused. The inside of the petals is cream-colored to yellow, monochrome or spotted reddish, smooth or uniformly upright hairy over its entire surface. The outside of the petals is green. The "gynostegium" is seated in Caudanthera edulis or stands on a "column" in Caudanthera sinaica . The ivory-colored to yellow corolla is divided into staminal and interstaminal corolla and can be hairy on the outside. The upright pollinia are ovate or ellipsoidal. There are two smooth, free, upper carpels . The scar head is white. Nectar is formed.
Fruits and seeds
The paired and upright arranged follicles are light-brown and purple-colored striped or spotted, smooth, narrow, without edges, with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm slim and 5 to 6 cm long. The light-brown, egg-shaped seeds have wings on the edge and pure white flying hair.
Chromosome numbers
The chromosome numbers are 2n = 22.
Systematics and distribution
The distribution area extends from Africa over the Arabian Peninsula to southwest Asia.
The genus Caralluma R.Br. was published in 1995 by Darrel Charles Herbert Plowes in A reclassification of Caralluma R. Brown (Stapelieae: Asclepiadaceae). in Haseltonia , 3, 1995, pp. 49-70 divided into eight genera and on page 64 the genus Caudanthera Plowes with only two species and the genera Cryptolluma Plowes and Spiralluma Plowes newly established. The type species is Caudanthera sinaica (Decne.) Plowes . In 2002 Ulrich Meve and Sigrid Liede-Schumann added the species of the genera Cryptolluma Plowes and Spiralluma Plowes to the genus Caudanthera , which was expanded to three species. A fourth species was added by Plowes in 2013 with Caudanthera baradii .
The genus Caudanthera belongs to the subtribe Stapeliinae from the tribe Ceropegieae in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae within the family of Apocynaceae .
There are four types of Caudanthera :
- Caudanthera baradii (Lavranos & LENewton) Plowes : It occurs from southwestern Saudi Arabia to northern Yemen.
- Caudanthera edulis (Edgew.) Meve & Liede ( Syn . : Cryptolluma edulis (Edgew.) Plowes , Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Benth. , Boucerosia edulis Edgew. ): It comes from Niger to northeastern tropical Africa and from the Arabian Peninsula as far as northwestern India.
- Caudanthera mireillae (Lavranos) Plowes (Syn .: Spiralluma mouretii (A.Chev.) Plowes , Caralluma mireillae Lavranos , Caralluma edulis A.Chev. ): It occurs only in Djibouti .
- Caudanthera sinaica (Decne.) Plowes (Syn .: Boucerosia sinaica Decne. ): It occurs in northeastern Sudan and from Israel to the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Saudi Arabia.
swell
- Sigrid Liede-Schumann & Ulrich Meve: The Genera of Asclepiadoideae, Secamonoideae and Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae) , 2006: On the genus Caudanthera - Online at INTKEY databases of the DELTA System . (Section description and systematics)
- Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: A molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). , in Pl. Syst. Evol. , 234, 2002, pp. 171-209.
- Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: Subtribal division of Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) , in Taxon , Volume 53, 2004, pp. 61-72.
Individual evidence
- ^ Darrel Charles Herbert Plowes: A reclassification of Caralluma R. Brown (Stapelieae: Asclepiadaceae). in Haseltonia , 3, 1995, pp. 49-70.
- ↑ Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: A molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). in Pl. Syst. Evol. , 234, 2002, pp. 171-209.
- ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Caudanthera - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on November 10, 2018.