Caveolin

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Caveolin-1
Mass / length primary structure 177 amino acids
Secondary to quaternary structure Homooligomer
Isoforms 2
Identifier
Gene name (s) CAV1 , CAV2 , CAV3
External IDs
Occurrence
Homology family Caveoline
Parent taxon Euteleostomi

Caveolins are the most common membrane-bound proteins of the caveolae , 50–100 nanometer large sack-shaped indentations in the plasma membrane on the surface of different cell types. The molecular mass of the caveolins is between 22 and 24  kDa . So far, three caveolins are known, the best researched being caveolin-1. It is regarded as a biochemical marker of the caveolae in the different cell types. Caveolin-1 forms a high molecular complex and interacts with caveolin-2. The highest expression of caveolin-1 is found in fibroblasts , endothelial cells , pneumocytes type I and fat cells (adipocytes) . Caveolin-3 is only produced by muscle cells .

Mutations in CAV1 - gene can lead to a (rare) hereditary form of lipodystrophy lead. Mutations in CAV3 result in a number of possible hereditary diseases, depending on which part of the gene (and thus of the protein) is changed: Articular girdle dystrophy type 1C; permanently excessive levels of creatine kinase in plasma; excessive irritability, contractions of the muscles; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ; Long QT syndrome type 9; sudden infant death syndrome .

Many cell functions are associated with the caveolae and caveolin-1: membrane transport , endocytosis , regulation of calcium metabolism , lipid metabolism and signal transduction in cell proliferation and programmed cell death .

Caveolin-1 forms the framework of the caveolae and interacts with many signaling molecules and regulates their activation. Caveolin-1 inhibits the activation of receptors for Epidermal Growth Factor and Platelet Derived Growth Factor . This leads to a reduction in cell growth and increased apoptosis.

In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , the expression of caveolin-1 in the lung tissue is markedly reduced. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine that promotes the replication of connective tissue , inhibits the expression of caveolin-1 in fibroblasts of the human lung . Conversely, caveolin-1 inhibits the TGF-β1-induced production of extracellular matrix in cultured fibroblasts .

literature

  • M. Alejandro Fernández-Rojo, C. Restall et al. a .: Caveolin-1 orchestrates the balance between glucose and lipid-dependent energy metabolism: implications for liver regeneration. In: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). Volume 55, Number 5, May 2012, pp. 1574-1584, ISSN  1527-3350 . doi : 10.1002 / hep.24810 . PMID 22105343 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ UniProt Q03135 , UniProt P56539
  2. ↑ Xiao Mei Wang et al .: Caveolin-1: a critical regulator of lung fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In: Journal of Experimental Medicine . No. 203 , 2006, pp. 2895-2906 ( Article Abstract ).

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