CentOS

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
CentOS
CentOS logo
CentOS 7.0 GNOME.png
GNOME 3 desktop in "Classic Look" under CentOS 7 (standard setting)
developer CentOS project
License (s) GPL and other licenses
First publ. May 14, 2004
Current  version 8.2 of June 15, 2020
(74 days ago)
Kernel Linux
ancestry GNU / Linux
↳ Red Hat Linux
↳ Fedora
↳ RHEL
↳ CentOS
Architecture (s) x86 , x86-64 , ARM
Installation medium DVD, USB stick
Languages) multilingual
Others fully binary compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux
centos.org

CentOS ( C ommunity Ent erprise O perating S ystem ) is a Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) the company Red Hat builds. The distribution is looked after, maintained and further developed by an open group of volunteer developers.

According to W 3 Techs, CentOS is the third most widely used Linux distribution for web servers after Ubuntu and Debian in 2016 .

background

The commercial Linux distribution RHEL can only be purchased in connection with support contracts. The company Red Hat but provides all the source packages ready RHEL on the Internet to the requirements of different licenses included free software to meet. This makes it possible to develop a Linux distribution that is binary compatible with RHEL. Thanks to the binary compatibility , CentOS enables computers with a RHEL-compatible Linux distribution to be used without having to sign a support contract with Red Hat. In addition to financial savings, there is also the advantage that all software that is offered for RHEL can also be used directly and without restrictions under CentOS.

On January 7, 2014, Red Hat and the CentOS Project announced that they were teaming up. Red Hat hired four of the CentOS developers, and a new CentOS Governing Board - made up of both Red Hat employees and community members - will lead the future development of CentOS.

Purpose of CentOS

The purpose of CentOS is to provide a Linux distribution that is fully binary compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux . In addition, there is a desired fast response time with regard to the provision of updates and the option of purchasing support for CentOS.

Enterprise operating system

CentOS is binary compatible with RHEL and is therefore also an enterprise operating system , i.e. an operating system that is geared towards the needs of large companies and government organizations. As an enterprise operating system, it is therefore designed for stability and long maintenance cycles. CentOS can be used for up to ten years without having to migrate packages or software versions, which is why it is suitable for commercial use. Large software houses such as Oracle or SAP offer certificates for RHEL , which guarantee that their software works without any problems on RHEL, which also applies to large hardware manufacturers. Enterprise operating systems are therefore mostly found on workstations and servers where extremely stable operation is required, e.g. B. in science , research , stock exchange , military or space travel . In contrast to RHEL, there are no certificates or support for CentOS from most software and hardware manufacturers. Due to the binary compatibility with RHEL, however, it can often benefit directly from the requirements that are created for RHEL.

Supported Architectures

CentOS supports almost all architectures for which Red Hat Enterprise Linux is also available.

In the latest version (7) the following architectures are fully supported:

  • AMD64 (x86-64), Intel 64 (EM64T) (64 bit) and x86 32 bit (from CentOS 7.1-1503)

The following architectures are supported by older CentOS versions:

A live CD - Image of CentOS is available on the website of the project. This image can be burned to a CD-ROM or transferred to a USB stick with the command dd or UNetbootin and then booted .

So-called Special Interest Groups (SIG) may arise within the CentOS project , which will be ported to other architectures. An i686 variant of CentOS 7 was worked on in January 2014. This 32-bit variant was completed and published in October 2015. The ARM architecture has also been supported since December 2015 .

Software management

As with RHEL, CentOS is installed with a graphical installer called Anaconda , which is easy to use even for beginners. For software management CentOS relies on the package manager RPM and the software management yum . System components and applications are searched online on a repository server, downloaded from there as an RPM package and installed.

Third-party software repositories

Repositories from other manufacturers usually have different goals or a different licensing policy than CentOS. Worth mentioning here are Dag Wieers , RPM Fusion , RPMForge and atrpms . The sources are not always compatible with each other. In addition, more and more software projects and companies, such as the GStreamer project, Skype , Adobe Inc. and the Mono project , are making their own repositories available.

EPEL

EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) is a repository maintained by the Fedora project that provides ported packages that are contained in Fedora itself, but not in RHEL, CentOS or Scientific Linux . Because these enterprise distributions are developed on the basis of Fedora, only very small adjustments to the packages are usually necessary. EPEL thus expands the enterprise distributions with many applications and drivers that are not included there. Since EPEL depends solely on the commitment of the community, Red Hat or the Fedora Project do not give any guarantees, support or certifications for EPEL packages , as is usual for packages in the official RHEL repository.

Upstream updates

Usually, upstream updates can always be made available very promptly (practically within a one-day period). Only with the roughly six-month "point releases" from RHEL are you cut off for a few weeks (so far, at worst, one to two months), since the CentOS volunteer team then has a lot more to do. During the completion of CentOS 6.0 and 6.1 there was a seven- and five-month delay, respectively, because the CentOS project was reorganizing at that time.

CentOS Stream

The CentOS Stream Linux distribution has existed since 2019. It is a kind of beta version with daily updates ("rolling releases"), which is more current than the corresponding RHEL version. Thus their changes will be included in the next minor releases of RHEL.

Versions

Legend:
 Older version; no longer supported.
Older version; still supported
Current version
 Future versionCurrent preliminary version
version RHEL version Linux kernel version publication Support up
Older version; no longer supported: 2.0 2.1 AS May 14, 2000 May 31, 2009
Older version; no longer supported: 3.0 3.0 Late 2003 Oct 31, 2010
Older version; no longer supported: 3.9 3.9 2.4.21-50 July 28, 2007
Older version; no longer supported: 4.0 4.0 2.6.9 01st Mar 2005 Feb 28, 2012
Older version; no longer supported: 4.6 4.6 2.6.9-67 Dec 16, 2007
Older version; no longer supported: 4.7 4.7 2.6.9-78 13 Sep 2008
Older version; no longer supported: 4.8 4.8 2.6.9-89 22 Aug 2009
Older version; no longer supported: 4.9 4.9 2.6.9-89 03rd Mar 2011
Older version; no longer supported: 5.0 5.0 2.6.18-8 Apr 12, 2007 31 Mar 2017
Older version; no longer supported: 5.1 5.1 2.6.18-53 0Dec 2, 2007
Older version; no longer supported: 5.2 5.2 2.6.18-92 June 24, 2008
Older version; no longer supported: 5.3 5.3 2.6.18-128 0Apr 1, 2009
Older version; no longer supported: 5.4 5.4 2.6.18-164 Oct 21, 2009
Older version; no longer supported: 5.5 5.5 2.6.18-194 May 14, 2010
Older version; no longer supported: 5.6 5.6 2.6.18-238 0Apr 8, 2011
Older version; no longer supported: 5.7 5.7 2.6.18-274 13 Sep 2011
Older version; no longer supported: 5.8 5.8 2.6.18-308 0March 8 2012
Older version; no longer supported: 5.9 5.9 2.6.18-348 Jan. 17, 2013
Older version; no longer supported: 5.10 5.10 2.6.18-371 Oct 22, 2013
Older version; no longer supported: 5.11 5.11 2.6.18-398 Sep 30 2014
Older version; no longer supported: 6.0 6.0 2.6.32-71 July 10, 2011 Nov 30, 2020
Older version; no longer supported: 6.1 6.1 2.6.32-131 0Dec 9, 2011
Older version; no longer supported: 6.2 6.2 2.6.32-220 Dec 20, 2011
Older version; no longer supported: 6.3 6.3 2.6.32-279 0July 9, 2012
Older version; no longer supported: 6.4 6.4 2.6.32-358 09 Mar 2013
Older version; no longer supported: 6.5 6.5 2.6.32-431 0Dec. 1, 2013
Older version; no longer supported: 6.6 6.6 2.6.32-504 Oct 28, 2014
Older version; no longer supported: 6.7 6.7 2.6.32-573 07 Aug 2015
Older version; no longer supported: 6.8 6.8 2.6.32-642 May 25, 2016
Older version; no longer supported: 6.9 6.9 2.6.32-696 0Apr 5, 2017
Older version; still supported: 6.10 6.10 2.6.32-754 03rd July 2018
Older version; no longer supported: 7.0-1406 7.0 3.10.0-123 07th July 2014 June 30, 2024
Older version; no longer supported: 7.1-1503 7.1 3.10.0-229 31 Mar 2015
Older version; no longer supported: 7.2-1511 7.2 3.10.0-327 Dec 14, 2015
Older version; no longer supported: 7.3-1611 7.3 3.10.0-514 Dec 12, 2016
Older version; no longer supported: 7.4-1708 7.4 3.10.0-693 13 Sep 2017
Older version; no longer supported: 7.5-1804 7.5 3.10.0-862 May 10, 2018
Older version; no longer supported: 7.6-1810 7.6 3.10.0-957 03 Dec 2018
Older version; no longer supported: 7.7-1908 7.7 3.10.0-1062 17 Sep 2019
Older version; still supported: 7.8-2003 7.8 3.10.0-1127 Apr 27, 2020
Older version; still supported: 8.0-1905 8.0 4.18.0-80 Sep 24 2019 May 31, 2029
Older version; still supported: 8.1-1911 8.1 4.18.0-147 Jan 15, 2020
Current version: 8.2-2004 8.2 4.18.0-193 June 15, 2020

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ wiki.centos.org . June 15, 2020 (accessed July 10, 2020).
  2. ↑ Usage of Linux for websites. August 22, 2016, accessed November 8, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Thorsten Leemhuis: Red Hat and RHEL cloners from CentOS are merging. Heise online , January 7, 2014, accessed January 8, 2014 .
  4. ^ Johnny Hughes: CentOS Linux 7 for 32-bit x86 (i386) Architecture. lists.centos.org, October 12, 2015, accessed October 14, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Anssi Johansson: CentOS 7.0.1406 Release Notes. CentOS Project, June 15, 2014, accessed on July 17, 2014 (English): “And we encourage people to join any of these SIGs or start up a new SIG, eg ARM, PPC and i686 port - help with porting CentOS to other architectures ... "
  6. ↑ Karanbir Singh: CentOS 7.0.1406 Release Notes. CentOS Project, January 18, 2014, accessed July 17, 2014 .
  7. ↑ EPEL / FAQ. Red Hat, Inc., accessed September 3, 2013 .
  8. ↑ CentOS Stream: Red Hat wants to accelerate Linux development. t3n, accessed April 12, 2020 .
  9. ^ The CentOS Project. CentOS.org, accessed April 12, 2020 .
  10. ↑ New Linux distribution CentOS Stream allows influence on RHEL development. heise.de, accessed on April 12, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Frequently Asked Questions about CentOS in general. What is the support end of life for each CentOS release? CentOS Project, accessed June 19, 2014 .
  12. ↑ CentOS Product Specifications. CentOS, accessed September 25, 2019 .
  13. ↑ CentOS 5.8 Release Notes. In: CentOS Wiki. CentOS Project, May 8, 2012, accessed August 10, 2015 .
  14. ↑ CentOS 5.9 Release Notes. In: CentOS Wiki. CentOS Project, January 18, 2013, accessed August 10, 2015 .
  15. ↑ CentOS 5.10 Release Notes. In: CentOS Wiki. CentOS Project, October 18, 2013, accessed August 10, 2015 .
  16. ↑ CentOS 5.11 Release Notes. In: CentOS Wiki. CentOS Project, December 10, 2014, accessed August 10, 2015 .
  17. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-6.0 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. July 10, 2011, accessed July 10, 2011 .
  18. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-6.1 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. December 9, 2011, accessed December 9, 2011 .
  19. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-6.2 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. December 20, 2011, accessed December 20, 2011 .
  20. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-6.3 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. July 9, 2012, accessed July 9, 2012 .
  21. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-6.4 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. March 9, 2013, accessed March 28, 2013 .
  22. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-6.5 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. December 1, 2013, accessed December 2, 2013 .
  23. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-6.6 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. October 28, 2014, accessed October 28, 2014 .
  24. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-6.7 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. August 7, 2015, accessed August 7, 2015 .
  25. ^ Johnny Hughes: Release for CentOS Linux 6.8 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. May 25, 2016, accessed May 26, 2016 .
  26. ^ Johnny Hughes: Release for CentOS Linux 6.9 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. April 5, 2017, accessed April 5, 2017 .
  27. ^ Johnny Hughes: Release for CentOS Linux 6.10 i386 and x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. July 3, 2018, accessed July 3, 2018 .
  28. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-7.0 x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. July 7, 2014, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  29. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-7 (1503) x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. March 31, 2015, accessed March 31, 2015 .
  30. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS-7 (1511) on x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. December 14, 2015, accessed December 14, 2015 .
  31. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1611) on x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. December 12, 2015, accessed December 12, 2015 .
  32. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1708) on x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. September 13, 2017, accessed February 22, 2018 .
  33. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1804) on x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. May 10, 2018, accessed May 10, 2018 .
  34. ^ Johnny Hughes: Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1810) on x86_64. In: CentOS mailing list. December 3, 2018, accessed December 3, 2018 .
  35. ^ Johnny Hughes: Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1908) on the x86_64 Architecture. In: CentOS mailing list. September 17, 2019, accessed on September 20, 2019 .
  36. ^ Johnny Hughes: Release for CentOS Linux 7 (2003) on the x86_64 Architecture. In: CentOS mailing list. April 27, 2020, accessed on May 1, 2020 .
  37. ↑ Karanbir Singh: Release for CentOS Linux 8 and CentOS Streams. In: CentOS mailing list. September 17, 2019, accessed on September 24, 2019 .
  38. ^ Brian Stinson: Release for CentOS Linux 8 (1911). In: CentOS mailing list. January 15, 2020, accessed on January 27, 2020 .
  39. ^ Brian Stinson: [CentOS-announce Release for CentOS Linux 8 (2004)] . June 15, 2020.

Web links

Commons : CentOS  - collection of images, videos and audio files