Khakass language
| Khakas (Тадар тили) |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Russia (Khakassia) | |
| speaker | approx. 43,000 (2010) | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language in | Khakassia | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
does |
|
| ISO 639-3 | ||
The Khakassic language (chakass. Хакас тілі / Khakas tîlî ) is a northern Turkish language of the southern Siberian subgroup. Short form is Khakass .
Khakassian is (according to Article 3 of the Law of the Republic of Khakassia on the Languages of the Peoples of the Republic of Khakassia of October 20, 1992), alongside Russian , the state language in Khakassia. The Khakass lexic is heavily influenced by Mongolian and Russian ; Arabic and Persian words are only found very rarely. The word stress is always on the last syllable. In Khakass, the grammatical gender category is absent ; the Khakass river names receive the masculine gender in German.
Main distribution area
Khakas today especially in the to Russia belonging Republic of Khakassia spoken. In addition, there is the adjacent area on the northern border with Tuva .
Alternative names
Khakass has only been considered a language since 1923, when, in the course of the Soviet nationality policy (“Every people their own republic and every republic their own language!”), The previously independent tribes of the Biltir , Sagaj , Qatscha , Xojbal and Xyzyl became the “nation of Chakassen ”summarized. These five tribes are linguistically and culturally closely related. And so a standardized “national language” was created from their dialects.
In the past, today's Khakass language was known by many names. The best known were “Abakan-Tatar”, “Abakan-Turkish” or simply and roughly generalized “Yenisei-Turkish”. In Turkish Turkology , the language is generally referred to as "Khakas Turkish" ( Turkish Hakas Türkçesi ).
Classification options
Khakass is classified with under different. The Fischer Lexikon Sprachen (1987) lists Khakas within the Turkic languages as follows:
- Turkic languages
- Western branch
- Eastern branch
- Uighur group
- Khakasian
- Uighur group
In contrast, the "Metzler Lexicon Language" (1993) lists Khakass as described below:
- Turkic languages
- Southwest Turkish (Oghusian)
- Eastern Turkish (Karlukisch)
- West Turkish (Kipchak)
- Northern Turkish
- Khakasian
The current classification is given in the article Turkic languages .
Alphabets
The Khakass also consider the Gökturkische inscriptions of the Orkhon and Yenisei regions , which are written in Turkish runes , to be the oldest writings .
Khakass has only been the actual written language since the 19th century, when a modified Cyrillic alphabet was introduced by Russian missionaries . Chagataisch was previously used.
In 1929 the new Turkic alphabet was introduced, which was replaced by a Cyrillic alphabet in 1939, which was modified in 1947, 1953 and 1962.
| A a | B b | C c | Ç ç | D d | Ə ə | F f | G g |
| Ƣ ƣ | I i | Į į | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n |
| Ņ ņ | O o | Ɵ ɵ | P p | R r | S s | Ş ş | T t |
| U u | V v | X x | Y y | Z z | Ƶ ƶ | Ь ь |
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ғ ғ | Д д | Е е | Ё ё |
| Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | І і | К к | Л л | М м |
| Н н | Ң ң | О о | Ӧ ӧ | П п | Р р | С с | Т т |
| У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ӌ ӌ | Ш ш |
| Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
The language code is kjh.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Khakas in Ethnologue
- ^ Heinz F. Wendt: Fischer Lexicon Languages . 1987, pp. 328-331
- ↑ Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexikon Sprach . 1993, p. 657
- ^ Duden - dictionary of geographical names of the Baltic States and the Commonwealth of Independent States . ISBN 978-3-411-70591-7 , p. 780.