Chalil Mutran

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Chalil Matran

Chalil Mutran (خليل مطران, DMG Ḫalīl Maṭran ; The spellings Mutrân, Matran, Motran and Moutran are also common) (* between 1870 and 1872 in Baalbek in the then Ottoman Empire and today's Lebanon ; † June 1, 1949 in Cairo ) was an Arabic poet , translator and journalist who, as a poet of two Countries (شاعر القطرين) (namely Egypt and Syria ) is mainly known in the Arab world.

Life

Chalil Mutran was born in Baalbek in what is now Lebanon as the son of Abdu Yusuf Mutran and Malaka Sabbaq. Baalbek belonged to the Ottoman Empire until 1920. According to Gérard Lecomte and Ameur Ghedira, the date of birth is between 1870 and 1872, some sources give July 1, 1871 or 1872. The Pasha of Baalbek , Nakhlé Moutran , was Chalil Mutran's cousin. His mother came from a Palestinian family whose ancestors helped defend their city against Napoleon Bonaparte .

As a Christian, Chalil Mutran attended the Greek Catholic school in Beirut where he learned Arabic and French . In 1890 he went to France. Although he had originally planned to emigrate to Chile, he settled in Egypt in 1892 and began working as a journalist for the newspaper Al-Ahram . He also published articles in Al-Mu'yyad and Al-Liwa. In 1900 he founded the bi-weekly magazine Al-Majalla al-misriyya ("Egyptian Magazine"). In this magazine he published some of his own work and those of Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi . In 1903 he founded the daily Al-Jawaib al-misriyya ("Egyptian Borders") and supported the nationalism of Mustafa Kamil . Together with Hafez Ibrahim, he translated a French book on economic policy. He has also translated several plays by William Shakespeare , Pierre Corneille , Jean Racine , Victor Hugo and Paul Bourget into Arabic.

He later worked as a secretary in the Agriculture Association and was involved in the establishment of the Egyptian Central Bank in 1920. In 1924 he made a trip through Syria and Palestine, after which he established himself as a poet of the Arab countries (شاعر الأقطار العربية) declared. After Ahmed Shawqi's death in 1932, he chaired the Apollo Literature Association until his death. In 1935 he became director of Al-Firqa al-Qawmiyya , the troupe of the Egyptian National Theater. He died in Cairo in 1949 after a long illness.

plant

An anthology of Mutran's poetry , Diwan-al-Chalil (ديوان الخلىل), in four volumes, which is considered to be his main work. The first volume was published in 1908 and the final full version in 1949. Albert Hourani wrote that in Matran's poems "traditional forms and language are used to accurately represent reality, that of the external world and that of the poet's feelings." Mutran is considered to be the innovator of Arabic literature who combined the traditional with modern forms and content. Mutran also wrote a two-volume History of the World.

A considerable part of the poems was first published in the Arab daily press. Mutran dealt with political issues of the time and the national aspirations of Egypt at that time. The lyric is pervaded by the longing for the hometown of Baalbek and its surroundings, but also by the love for women and nature. The fact that Mutran wrote contemporary, modern poems distinguishes him from his fellow poet Ahmed Shawqi (1868-1932). He freely changed rhythms and verse feet in his poems and no longer adhered to the metrical rules of traditional Arabic literature . Influenced by French and English literature, he used complex metaphors, especially in love poems and descriptions of nature .

literature

  • Youssef Chalache: Le Romantisme dans la vie et la poésie de Halil Mutran (1872-1949) , Université Paris III-Sorbonne Nouvelle (dissertation), Paris 2002, ISBN 978-2-7295-5235-0
  • Hamilton AR Gibb, Jacob M. Landau: Arab Literature History , Artemis Verlag, Zurich and Stuttgart 1968
  • Albert Hourani: A History of the Arab Peoples , Harvard University Press, Massachusetts 1991, p. 305, ISBN 9780674395657 , ISBN 9780571133789
  • Gérard Lecomte, Ameur Ghedira: Textes littéraires arabes des XIXe et XXe siècles , Éditions Klincksieck, Paris 1969, Dépôt légal: 4e trimestre 1969 - No. 10.061, pp. 48-50
  • Nicolas Saadé: Halîl Mutrân, héritier du romantisme français et pionnier de la poésie arabe , Université de Lille III, Lille 1979-Beirut 1985, ISBN 978-2-7295-0044-3
  • The Encyclopaedia of Islam , Volume IV, 1978, pp. 999-1000

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Lecomte, Ghedira, p. 48
  2. ^ Gibb, Landau, p. 224
  3. ↑ The Arabic Wikipedia and World History indicate July 1, 1872.
  4. ↑ Saadé, pp. 87-88
  5. ^ Hourani, p. 305
  6. ↑ George M. Haddad: Modern Arab Historians and World History , in: The Muslim World, Volume 51, Issue 1, January 1961, pp. 37-43
  7. ↑ Gibb, Landau, pp. 224-225

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Mutran, Chalil
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Matran, Khalil; Motran, Khalil; Moutran, Khalil
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arab poet and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH between 1870 and 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Baalbek
DATE OF DEATH June 1, 1949
Place of death Cairo