Chimakum languages
Chimakum is a two-language family of languages spoken in northwest Washington state . The eponymous language Chimakum has died out. The family's other language, Quileute , still has about ten speakers. The Chimakum languages may be distantly related to the Wakash languages , but their similarity can also be traced back to area contact phenomena.
Phonology
The phoneme inventory used for the two languages on which the two languages are based looks as follows:
labial | Alveolar stop |
Alveolar fricative |
Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Labialized velar |
Uvular | Labialized uvular |
Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p | t | ʦ | ( ʧ ) | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | |
Ejective | p ' | t ' | ʦ ' | t͡ɬ ' | ( ʧ ' ) | k ' | kʷ ' | q ' | qʷ ' | |
Fricative | s | ɬ | ( ʃ ) | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | H | ||
Sonorous | m | n | l | j | w | |||||
Sonorant Glottalized |
m̰ | n̰ | l̰ | j̰ | w̰ |
literature
- Manuel J. Andrade: Quileute. In: Franz Boas : Handbook of American Indian Languages (= Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of Ethnology. Bulletin. 40, 3, ZDB -ID 799398-5 ). Volume 3. United States Government Printing Office, Washington DC 1933, pp. 152-292, (Also reprinted. Columbia University Press, New York NY 1933).
- Manuel J. Andrade: Notes on the relations between Chemakum and Quileute. In: International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 19, No. 3, 1953, ISSN 0020-7071 , pp. 212-215, JSTOR 1263009 .
- Manuel J. Andrade: Quileute Texts (= Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology. 12, ZDB -ID 435575-1 ). Columbia University Press, New York NY 1931.
- Franz Boas: Notes on the Chemakum language. In: American Anthropologist. Vol. 5, No. 1, 1892, ISSN 0002-7294 , pp. 37-44, JSTOR 1263009 .
- Lyle Campbell : American Indian languages. The historical linguistics of Native America (= Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics. 4). Oxford University Press, New York NY et al. 1997, ISBN 0-19-509427-1 .
- Marianne Mithun: The languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1999, ISBN 0-521-23228-7 .