Christo Makedonski
Christo Nikolow Makedonski (also spelled Hristo Nikolov Makedonski ; Bulgarian Христо Николов Македонски ; * 1834 in Goren Todorak , today Ano Theodoraki in Greece ; † July 5, 1916 in Russe , Bulgaria ) was a Bulgarian Hajduke , reborn during the Bulgarian freedom , voivod . His surname Makedonski is derived from the geographical region of Macedonia , from which he came.
Life
Christo Makedonski was born in 1835 in the village of Gorni Todorak (today in the municipality of Kroussa in the northern Greek regional district of Kilkis ), in the Macedonia region, which was part of the Ottoman Empire at the time . He attended the Greek school in his village and then worked as a trader. As a result of constant Ottoman repression he became a Hajduke in the Cheta of Stoimen Wojwoda . This Tscheta (Bulgar. Чета), a small mobile unit of volunteers, fought against the Ottoman authorities in the nearby Malaschewo Mountains.
In Belgrade , Serbia , he joined the First Bulgarian Legion (bulg. Първа българска легия) from Georgi Rakovsky in 1862 together with over 600 volunteers . On July 3, 1862, fighting broke out in Belgrade between the Serbs and the Ottoman garrison in the Kalemegdan fortress , in which Makedonski and the Legion took part on the side of the Serbs. However, since the fighting did not develop into a war, the Serbian government was forced by Ottoman pressure to dissolve the Legion. Nevertheless, the Legion was a first opportunity in which young Bulgarian freedom fighters could gain combat experience and ideas and establish networks that would be of use to them in later struggle. After the Legion was dissolved, Makedonsky went to the Principality of Wallachia .
From 1864 to 1865 Makedonski led a small armed group on behalf of Rakowski, with which he crossed the western Bulgarian territories and prepared the ground for a possible uprising. In 1867/68 Makedonski joined the Second Bulgarian Legion in Belgrade and after its dissolution in the spring of 1868 fled again to Romania.
In the same year he joined the united Cheetas of Chadschi Dimitar and Stefan Karadscha , crossed the Danube and took part with another 110 comrades in several battles with the Ottoman army. After a skirmish near Vishograd , in which the standard-bearer of Cheta, Stefan Karadschas, was fatally wounded, Makedonsky was appointed standard-bearer. After being smashed at the summit of Busludscha in the central Balkan Mountains , Makedonsky and two other companions (Pentscho Stojanow and Ilija Nikolow) were one of the few survivors to escape via Gabrovo , Sopot , Samokow , the Rila monastery and Melnik to the monastic republic of Athos , where they were could stay in the monastery Zográfou . It was not until the spring of 1869 that they were able to get to Odessa via Constantinople with the help of the monastery hegumen . With the help of the Bulgarian emigrants there, Makedonski returned to Romania.
In Romania, Christo Makedonski took part in the preparations for the Stara Sagora Uprising and the April Uprising in 1875 and 1876. In the Serbian-Turkish War of 1876, he was the commander (voivode) of a division of 200 under the direction of Panayot Chitov Bulgarian volunteers and fought against Ottoman forces in the Visok region and near Knjazevac . The flag of Cheta from Stefan Karadscha, which was saved by Makedonsky and is now kept in the National Military-Historical Museum in Sofia , served as the flag .
After the liberation of Bulgaria, Makedonski lived in the Danube city of Russe, where he died on July 5, 1916. In 1896 Makedonski published his memoirs under the name Записки на Христо Македонски (1852–1877) (Bulgarian for: Memories of Christo Makedonski ).
Quote
"We will not awaken Bulgaria as Hajdu [k] en, but as revolutionaries"
reception
Cristo Makedonski served as a prototype for the character Makedonski in the novella "Unloved and Homeless" (Bulgarian Немили-недраги / Nemili-Nedragi) by Ivan Wasow .
literature
- Christo Makedonski: Записки на Христо Македонски (1852–1877) (on German, for example, memories of Christo Makedonski (1852–1877)), Sofia, 1896 online version .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans-Joachim Härtel, Roland Schönfeld: Bulgaria: from the Middle Ages to the Present , 1998, p. 113.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Makedonski, Christo |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Christo Nikolow Makeodnski; Hristo Nikolov Makedonski, (Bulgarian spelling Христо Николов Македонски) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bulgarian revolutionary, voivode, freedom fighter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1834 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Ano Theodoraki , Greece |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 5, 1916 |
| Place of death | Russian , Bulgaria |