Goldmine oak jewel beetle
| Goldmine oak jewel beetle | ||||||||||||
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Gold pit oak jewel beetle ( Chrysobothris affinis ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Chrysobothris affinis | ||||||||||||
| ( Fabricius , 1794) |
| Pictures of the gold mine jewel beetle | |
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| Photo 1: females | Image 2: from the front |
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| Image 3: underside of male | Photo 4: underside of female |
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| Image 5: from the side | Image 6: larva |
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| Figure 7: Male anal sternite | |
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Fig. 9: Partial view of the underside on the right, partially colored green: Prosternal process of the front chest blue: middle chest yellow: rear chest orange: rear hips |
| Figure 8: Anal sternite female | |
  
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Figure 10: left chin and lip switch; Middle upper jaw; right lower jaw with jaw probe according to reitter |
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The gold mine oak jewel beetle or gold mine jewel beetle ( Chrysobothris affinis ) is a beetle from the jewel beetle family and the subfamily Buprestinae . The 10.5 to fifteen millimeter long animal is noticeable by the four or six large golden dots on the wing covers , but there are three similar Central European species of the genus Chrysobothris .
Notes on the name
The scientific name of the genus Chrysobothris (from ancient Greek χρῡσός "chrysós": "gold" and βόθρος "bóthros": "pit") corresponds to the German generic name gold mine jewel beetle ., Which refers to the gold-colored pits on the wing covers. The extension oak jewel beetle expresses the harmfulness of the beetle on oaks. The scientific species name affinis ( lat. Similar ) is explained by the fact that Fabricius added the beetle to the 58th species of Buprestis in the first description in 1794 under the number 58-9 and his description began with the statement that the beetle is very similar to the two preceding species. In the following, he directly differentiates the three types from one another.
description
The beetle is robustly built, two and a half to three times as long as it is wide, and parallel in the middle. It becomes ten to fifteen millimeters long. The top is strongly flattened (picture 2, picture 4). As a rule, the upper side is inconspicuous ore-brown and the underside copper-red, but there are also metallic greenish-bluish shapes.
Seen from above, the head is much wider than it is long. The indentations into which the antennae are inserted (antennae cavities) have a tooth on the front. The eleven-part feelers are widened inwards from the fifth part (sawn, Fig. 2). The first and third antennae are extraordinarily long, the second very short. The eyes are large and almost completely cover the sides of the head. Their front edges approach each other so that the parting is narrower than the forehead (image 1). The rear edge of the eyes runs near the front edge of the pronotum . The head shield is drawn out at the front in a lobe shape. The upper jaws are strongly curved and pointed, toothed on the inside (picture 10 center). The four-part jaw probes that arise on the lower jaw are thread-shaped, decreasing in length from the second to the fourth part (Fig. 10 right). The lip buttons are three-part, the end part is cylindrical and trimmed (Fig. 10 left).
The pronotum is almost twice as wide as it is long. In Chrysobothris affinis the front corners are more clearly developed, from above the pronotum appears more parallel than in Chrysobothris solieri . The rear edge is clearly bulged on both sides in all species of the genus.
The elytra are broader at the base together than the pronotum. At the front they are rounded to match the shape of the pronotum base. The curve continues in the shoulders. Behind the middle the wing covers are narrowed, individually rounded at the tip and finely sawn like the side edge. They have longitudinal ribs, which, in contrast to Chrysobothris chrysostigma, are not very prominent. Especially on the sides and on the front half of the wing, the ribs are flattened. The area between the ribs is dense and regularly dotted. The dots are fine and not wrinkled. Each wing cover has three depressions (pits), which approximately coincide with the golden color spots. The anterior pit lies at the base of the wing covers near the pointed triangular shield . The corresponding golden spot is elongated to line-shaped and weakly pronounced. It can also be absent entirely. The middle pit and the corresponding spot are slightly in front of the middle of the wing cover and are large and approximately circular. The posterior pit and spot are the furthest apart in the last third of the elytra and are roughly transversely oval. They end at the second rib (from the inside) and do not cut through it, while in the other species of the genus the rear spots extend inward beyond the second rib.
On the underside, the hip cavities of the front chest, into which the front hips are turned, are open to the rear. The spherical front hips are separated by a broad extension of the front chest to the rear (protosternal process, Fig. 9 green). The protosternal process protrudes over the mid-breast (Fig. 9, blue) and apparently separates it. Behind the front hips, the prosternal process is widened to the side like a tooth. These posterior teeth are not much shorter than the posterior tooth of the process. The rear hips (picture 9, orange) lie wide of the rear chest (picture 9, yellow). They are hollowed out towards the rear to partially accommodate the hind legs. The thighs are strong, the front thighs carry a strong blunt tooth forward. The tarsi are all five-part (tarsi formula 5-5-5). The second to fourth tarsal link is lobed, the claws are imperforate.
On the underside, the first two abdominal segments (sternites) have grown together, the last sternite (anal sternite) is rounded out in the male (Fig. 7), in the female it is truncated (Fig. 8). The corners form a flat tooth and are not, as in Chrysobothris solieri, pointed thorn-shaped.
Occurrence
The species lives in light deciduous forests and prefers oaks there . It is common in southern and central Germany, but not found in the northwest.
Way of life
The adults can be found in warm locations in deciduous forests, in lumber yards and in orchards. The larvae develop in felled, unpeeled hardwood or in diseased trees such as oak , beech or fruit trees.
distribution
The goldmine oak jewel beetle occurs in most of Europe. The distribution area extends in the north to Denmark , southern Norway and central Sweden . The species is absent from the British Isles . Further occurrences exist in the Caucasus , Asia Minor , the Middle East , Siberia and North Africa .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, KG Lutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911 p. 119 Fig. 12b, c, d
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ . Joh Chr Fabricius. Systematicae Entomologiae, et auctae Emmen datae Volume 4, Hafnia (Copenhagen) 450 1794 p than 58-9 subsequently behind Buprestis chrysostigma provided S. 450
- ↑ Joh. Chr. Fabricius: Entomologiae systematicae, emmendatae et auctae Volume 1, Hafnia (Copenhagen) 1792 pp. 199/200 57. and 58. Art by Buprestis preview in the Google book search
- ↑ Klaus Koch : Die Käfer Mitteleuropas Ökologie . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 99
- Jump up ↑ Jiři Zahradnik, Irmgard Jung, Dieter Jung, Jarmila Hoberlandtova, Ivan Zpevak: Beetles of Central and Northwestern Europe. Parey, Berlin 1985. ISBN 3-490-27118-1
literature
- Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-8001-3526-4
- Carl Gustav Calwer and Gustav Jäger (eds.): CG Calwer's Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition
- H. Freude, KW Harde, GA Lohse: Die Käfer Mitteleuropas , Vol. 6. Spectrum Academic Publishing House in Elsevier, Munich 1966, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8
