Clyde Kluckhohn

Clyde Kay Maben Kluckhohn (born January 11, 1905 in Le Mars , Iowa , † July 28, 1960 in Santa Fe , New Mexico ) was an American ethnologist and sociologist .

Life

Clyde Kluckhohn began studying at Princeton in 1922 , but fell seriously ill and was sent to New Mexico to recuperate. He got to know the Navajo there. He resumed studies at the University of Wisconsin – Madison in 1924 ( BA in Ancient Greek 1928). As a Rhodes scholarship holder , he then studied the classical languages ​​at Corpus Christi College in Oxford ( Magister 1932). After two years in Oxford, he went to Vienna in 1931/32. There he heard ethnology from Father Wilhelm Schmidt , (SVD), the leading representative of the diffusionist cultural group. Kluckhohn underwent psychoanalysis in Vienna . From 1932 to 1934 he taught at the University of New Mexico . He earned a Ph.D. in Ethnology from Harvard University (1936). He taught there from 1935 to 1960, since 1946 as a professor of social anthropology.

Kluckhohn also took on various functions, for example during World War II he was head of the Foreign Morale Analysis Division ( FMAD ) of the OSS and the Ministry of Defense, an interdisciplinary research program that was supposed to analyze Japan and influence US policy towards the defeated country. After the war he organized the Russian Research Center at Harvard , of which he was also the first director from 1947 to 1954. Another of his projects was the interdisciplinary Department of Social Relations . Until his death he was a curator for the ethnology of the American Southwest at the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology at Harvard University. Together with Alfred Kroeber he published: Culture - A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions , Cambridge 1952.

Clyde Kluckhohn's wife, Florence Kluckhohn , presented some well-known cultural theories and models, including Variations in Value Orientations , 1961, which she developed with her colleague Fred L. Strodtbeck .

He also achieved fame for his long-term ethnological studies of North American Navajo peoples.

Memberships

In 1944 Kluckhohn was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , in 1952 to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society .

Publications (selection)

• Kluckhohn, Clyde (1927) To the Foot of the Rainbow
• Kluckhohn, Clyde (1933) Beyond the Rainbow
• Kluckhohn, Clyde (1949) Mirror for Man , New York: Fawcett ( digitized version )
• Kluckhohn, Clyde, Leonard McCombe and Evon Z. Vogt (1951) Navajo means People . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
• Kluckhohn, Clyde (1951). "Values ​​and value-orientations in the theory of action: An exploration in definition and classification." In T. Parsons & E. Shils (Eds.), Toward a general theory of action . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
• Kluckhohn, Clyde (1952) Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions
• Murray, Henry A. and Clyde Kluckhohn, (1953) Personality in Nature, Society, and Culture
• Kluckhohn, Clyde (1961) Anthropology and the Classics , Brown University Press
• Kluckhohn, Clyde (1962) Culture and Behavior: Collected Essays , Free Press of Glencoe

See also

• Cultural dimensions

literature

• Helmut Schoeck : Kluckhohn, Clyde. In: Wilhelm Bernsdorf , Horst Knospe (Ed.): Internationales Soziologenlexikon. Volume 1: Articles on sociologists who died by the end of 1969. 2nd revised edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-432-82652-4 , p. 214 f.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Hills, Michael D. "Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Values ​​Orientation Theory." Online Readings in Psychology and Culture 4.4 (2002): 1-14. Print. p. 3f. http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=orpc#page=3
2. ↑ Book of Members 1780 – present, Chapter K. (PDF; 670 kB) In: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org). Retrieved February 15, 2018 . 
3. ↑ Member History: Clyde KM Kluckhohn. American Philosophical Society, accessed January 2, 2019 .